太岳山油松林火烧迹地恢复初期植物群落结构特征

The plant community structure of burned Pinus tabuliformis forest in Taiyue Mountainin the early ecological restoration stage

为研究山西太岳山油松(Pinus tabuliformis)林过火后恢复初期林下草本植物群落结构,以2019年3月太岳山油松林火烧迹地为研究对象,采用群落相似性指数、多样性指数、稳定性系数、TWINSPAN数量分类和DCA排序等方法对群落组成、多样性、类型及稳定性等进行了研究。结果表明:(1)火烧迹地恢复初期以低矮灌木和多年生草本植物为主,其中又以地面芽植物占比最大。优势植物主要为大披针薹草(Carex lanceolata)和多花胡枝子(Lespedeza floribunda);(2)火烧迹地恢复初期各样地植物群落相似性系数和多样性指数相对较小,均匀度指数较大,但各样地恢复效果不尽相同,样地6和样地7的植物群落各项指标相对大于其他样地;(3)TWINSPAN数量分类将火烧迹地植物群落划分成:I.大披针薹草+南牡蒿(Artemisia eriopoda)+地榆(Sanguisorba officinalis)群丛、II.多花胡枝子+大披针薹草+二色棘豆(Oxytropis bicolor)群丛、III.多花胡枝子+大披针薹草+米口袋(Gueldenstaedtia verna)群丛、IV.多花胡枝子+大披针薹草+荠苨(Adenophora trachelioides)群丛、V.大披针薹草+白莲蒿(Artemisia stechmanniana)+狗娃花(Aster hispidus)群丛、VI.白莲蒿群丛、VII.大披针薹草+狗娃花+野艾蒿(Artemisia lavandulifolia)群丛;(4)DCA排序结果表明,火烧迹地恢复初期植物群落结构单一,沿样地和坡位变化较小,仅区分出样地7和其他样地两大类植物群落。(5)火烧迹地恢复初期植物群落处于不稳定的状态,但各样地间群落稳定性存在一定差别,其中样地1最大,样地5最小。总之,研究区植物群落处于演替初期,各样地间植物群落稳定性较差,多样性和整体相似性较小,但优势种群相似性较高,植物群落结构仍处于动态变化之中。研究揭示了太岳山火烧迹地恢复初期植物群落结构特征,积累了该区域火烧迹地植物群落生态学数据,同时可为该区域生态恢复提供科学依据。

To study the community structure of understory herbaceous plants in the early recovery stage after the fire,the burned Pinus tabuliformis forests areas of Taiyue Mountain in March 2019 were selected to investigate the plant community structure at the early ecological restoration stage.The community similarity index,diversity index,stability index,TWINSPAN,and DCA were employed for analyzing the structure,diversity,and stability of plant communities.Our results show that in the early restoration stage,the shrub,and perennial grass were dominants in the communities,among which the hemicryptophytes accounted for the largest proportion.The dominant species were Carex lanceolata and Lespedeza floribunda.Furthermore,the similarity coefficient and diversity index of plant community in seven sample plots were generally small,while the evenness index was comparably higher.However,the plant community feature among seven plots existed heterogeneity,and all indicators of plant communities in plot 6 and 7 were relatively higher than those in other sample plots.Moreover,seven plant community patterns were identified by the TWINSPAN method,including I.Carex lanceolata+Artemisia eriopoda+Sanguisorba officinalis community,II.Lespedeza floribunda+Carex lanceolata+Oxytropis bicolor community,III.Lespedeza floribunda+Carex lanceolata+Gueldenstaedtia verna community,IV.Lespedeza floribunda+Carex lanceolata+Adenophora trachelioides community,V.Carex lanceolata+Artemisia stechmanniana+Aster hispidus community,VI.Artemisia stechmanniana community,and VII.Carex lanceolata+Aster hispidus+Artemisia lavandulifolia community.The result of DCA ordination suggested that theplant community structures at the early ecological restoration stage of burned areas were simple;only a minor change occurred with plots and slope position.Among them,only plot 7 and the other two groups of plant communities were significantly different.The results further depicted that in the early recovery stage,the plant community was in an unstable state;the stability indexes in different sample plots were much different,with the highest value in plot 1 and lowest in plot 5.In conclusion,the plant community in the burned Pinus tabuliformis forests areas,whose structure is under dynamic changing,was still at an early stage of succession accompanied by poor stability and low diversity and similarity,but the dominant population has a high similarity,and the plant community structure is still in dynamic change.Our finding shighlights the characteristics of the plant community structure in the burned area of Taiyue Mountain at the early stage of restoration,accumulates ecological data of the plant community in the burned area,and can provide a scientific basis for ecological restoration in this area.