压力容器内气体爆炸场景下升压速率研究

Study on pressure rise rate in gas explosion scenario in pressure vessels

压力容器会由于超压失效而引发安全事故,故安全附件的可靠性至关重要。压力容器内爆炸升压速率对爆破片可靠性的影响已引起重视,但在国内研究尚浅且无标准依据,制约了爆破片等安全附件的可靠性设计和评价,并影响装置安全评估。基于过程工艺中压力容器特点、爆炸影响因素和爆炸冲击特性,选取典型爆炸空间和场景,通过专业数值软件FLACS进行模拟,给出压力容器开口和闭口情况下多监测点压力和升压速率的瞬态变化规律。结果表明升压速率远超爆破片标定时升压速率,在压力容器安全附件设计和装置安全评估时,应予以足够的重视。

Failure of pressure vessels due to explosion overpressure will result in accident,so the reliability of safety accessories on pressure vessels are critical.The influence of pressure rise rate of explosion in pressure vessel on the reliability of bursting disc has attracted attention,but the research is at the initial stage and there is no standard in China,which restricts the reliability design and evaluation of bursting disc and other safety accessories,and influences the safety evaluation of plants as well.Based on the characteristics of pressure vessel in the process,explosion influencing factors and explosion impact characteristics,the typical explosion space and scenario are selected to simulate pressure rise rate by the professional numerical software FLACS.The transient change laws of pressure and pressure rise rate at multiple monitoring points are presented under the condition of opening and closing of the pressure vessel.The results show that the pressure rise rate is far higher than that during calibration of the bursting disc,which should be paid attention to in the design of safety accessories and the safety evaluation of the plants.