水直播与移栽对水稻穗部性状及籽粒形态的影响

Effects of Direct Seeding and Transplanting on Panicle Traits and Grain Morphology of Rice

为明确寒地稻田水直播最佳生产技术方案,本研究对适合黑龙江省第三、第四积温带栽培的10个水稻品种,进行了移栽和水直播两种栽培技术试验,调查水直播稻穗部性状相对移栽稻穗部变化和籽粒形态差异。结果表明:栽培方式能够影响水稻穗部性状和籽粒的外观形态。水直播稻穗部一、二次枝梗数量和着生粒数均显著或极显著低于移栽稻,空粒数较移栽稻显著或极显著增加,穗长变化不显著,着粒密度显著下降。两种栽培方式穗部二次枝梗空秕率均高于一次枝梗。水直播稻穗千粒重极显著低于移栽稻,二次枝梗千粒重下降幅度高于一次枝梗,达极显著水平。水直播稻一、二次枝梗稻谷粒长增加,稻谷和糙米粒宽度未产生明显影响,稻谷厚度均有下降。使用水直播技术生产水稻,大部分品种其穗部和籽粒指标性状低于移栽方式,因此筛选和使用适合水直播的品种和提高单位面积收获实粒数的管理方式,是提高水直播稻产量的最有效途径。

In order to clarify the best production technology of direct seeding in paddy field of cold region,the experiment of transplanting and direct seeding was carried out on 10 rice varieties suitable for cultivation in the third and fourth accumulated temperature zones of Heilongjiang Province,and the differences of panicle characters and grain morphology between the transplanted rice and the direct seeding rice were investigated.The results showed that the cultivation methods could affect the panicle characters and grain appearance of rice.The number of primary and secondary branches and grains per panicle of direct seeding rice were significantly or extremely significantly lower than that of transplanting rice,the number of empty grains was significantly or extremely significantly higher than that of transplanting rice,the change of panicle length was not significant,and the grain density was significantly decreased.The rate of empty grain in the secondary branch of panicle was higher than that in the primary branch.The 1000-grain weight of direct seeding rice was significantly lower than that of transplanting rice,and the decrease of 1000-grain weight of secondary branch was significantly higher than that of primary branch.The grain length of primary and secondary branches of direct seeding rice increased,but the width of rice and brown rice had no significant effect,but the thickness of rice decreased.In the production of rice with water direct seeding technology,the index characters of panicle and grain of most varieties were lower than those of transplanting methods.Therefore,the most effective way to improve the yield of water direct seeding rice is to select and use varieties suitable for water direct seeding and improve the management mode of harvested grains per unit area.