种植密度对日光温室东西垄向栽培番茄产量构成及光环境的影响

Effects of Planting Density on Yield Composition and Light Environment of East-West Ridge of Tomato in Greenhouse

为探索日光温室蔬菜机械化耕作的适宜栽培模式,在日光温室内采用东西垄向(垄宽70 cm、垄中心间距1.8 m,垄高25 cm)栽培方式种植番茄,研究3种种植密度(双行,行距为30 cm,株距不同)下各栽培垄番茄产量构成和群体光环境特征。结果表明,采用东西垄向栽培模式,番茄群体冠层上部和下部的光照强度在温室由北向南的栽培垄中逐渐减弱,冠层中部则逐渐升高。随着种植密度的降低,番茄群体冠层中下部透光率呈上升趋势。30000株/hm^(2)处理(B1,株距33 cm)和45000株/hm^(2)处理(B3,株距22.2 cm)产量显著高于37500株/hm^(2)处理(B2,株距26.5 cm)。B1处理番茄单果质量、单株产量均显著高于B2,且B1番茄果实的可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量最高。综上,在宁夏地区春夏茬东西垄向栽培番茄宜采用B1处理,光照环境好、果实品质较优,收益较高。

In order to explore the suitable cultivation mode for mechanized farming of vegetables in solar greenhouse,the experiment was conducted to study the yield composition and population light environment characteristics of tomato under 3 different planting densities of east-west ridge(ridge width of 70 cm,ridge center spacing of 1.8 m,ridge height of 25 cm,double row cultivation,row spacing of 30 cm,with 3 kinds of plant spacing)in greenhouse.The results showed that the light intensity at the top and bottom of tomato canopy decreased gradually from north to south ridge and increased gradually in the middle of canopy with different density treatments.With the decrease of planting density,the light intensity in the middle and lower canopy of tomato plants increased significantly.The yields of B1 treatment(30000 plants/ha,plant spacing of 33 cm)and B3 treatment(45000 plants/ha,plant spacing of 22.2 cm)were significantly higher than B2 treatment(37500 plants/ha,plant spacing of 26.5 cm).The single fruit weight and yield per plant of B1 were significantly higher than that of B2,and the soluble sugar and protein content of B1 tomato fruit were the highest.Therefore,in Ningxia,the B1 treatment cultivation mode should be adopted in the east-west ridge cultivation of tomatoes in spring and summer.The light environment and fruit quality are better and the income is higher.