茄子秸秆复合基质在苦瓜育苗上的应用

Application of Eggplant Straw Composite Substratein Balsam Pear Seedling

为提高农业秸秆有机废弃物的资源化利用,寻求草炭育苗的替代基质,以常绿苦瓜为试材,以传统的草炭蛭石珍珠岩育苗基质为对照,将茄子秸秆与鸡粪按不同体积比(V茄子∶V鲜鸡粪分别为2∶8、4∶6、6∶4、8∶2,分别记为Q2X8、Q4X6、Q6X4、Q8X2)配制成4种复合基质作为4个处理,研究茄子秸秆复合基质的理化性质及其对苦瓜幼苗形态指标、生物量及相关生理指标的影响。结果显示,茄子秸秆复合基质的理化性质在苦瓜幼苗生长所需求的适宜范围内,其中Q8X2、Q6X4处理的复合基质各理化指标均在理想育苗基质的理化性质指标范围内。Q6X4处理下株高最高,Q2X8株高最小。Q8X2处理下苦瓜幼苗茎粗、总叶面积、干质量、根冠比和壮苗指数均最大,但茎粗和干质量与对照差异不显著(P>0.05)。叶绿素a、叶绿素a+b、类胡萝卜素含量均以Q8X2处理最大,对照次之;叶绿素b含量以Q8X2处理最大,Q6X4次之。净光合速率、根系活力、可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白含量均以Q8X2处理最大,其中根系活力、可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白含量较对照分别增加9.41%、10.54%、10.79%,与对照差异显著(P<0.05)。因此,茄子秸秆复合基质可以替代常规草炭育苗基质进行苦瓜育苗,且以茄子秸秆和鲜鸡粪体积比为8∶2时最适宜培育优质壮苗,可以在生产中推广应用。

In order to improve the resource utilization of agricultural straw organic waste and seek for alternative substrate of peat seedling,with evergreen balsam pear as test material and traditional peat vermiculite perlite seedling substrate as control,eggplant straw and chicken manure were prepared into four kinds of composite substrates according to different volume ratio as four treatments(Veggplant∶Vfresh chicken manure were 2∶8,4∶6,6∶4 and 8∶2,denoted as Q2X8,Q4X6,Q6X4,Q8X2),and the physicochemical properties of eggplant straw composite matrix and its effect on the seedling shape,physiological indexes,biomass and related physiological indexes of balsam pear were studied.The results showed that,the physical and chemical properties of eggplant straw composite matrix were in the suitable range for the growth of balsam pear seedlings,and the physicochemical indexes of Q8X2 and Q6X4 treatment were in the range of ideal seedling substrate.The plant height of Q6X4 treatment was the highest and that of Q2X8 was the lowest.Q8X2 treatment had the largest stem diameter,total leaf area,dry weight,root shoot ratio and strong seedling index,but there was no significant difference in stem diameter and dry weight compared with the control(P>0.05).The content of chlorophyll a,chlorophyll a+b and carotenoids in Q8X2 was the highest,followed by the control;the content of chlorophyll b was the highest in Q8X2 treatment,followed by Q6X4.The net photosynthetic rate,root activity,soluble sugar content and soluble protein content of Q8X2 treatment were the highest,among them root activity,soluble sugar content and soluble protein content increased by 9.41%,10.54%and 10.79%respectively compared with the control,and the difference was significant(P<0.05).Therefore,eggplant straw composite substrate can replace the conventional peat seedling substrate for balsam pear seedling,and when the volume ratio of eggplant straw and fresh chicken manure is 8∶2,it is the most suitable to cultivate high-quality and strong seedlings,which can be popularized and applied in production.