公众流感疫苗认知、接种现状及影响因素分析

Public cognition of influenza vaccine,current status of vaccination and its influencing factors

目的了解公众流感疫苗认知、接种现状及影响因素,为提高流感疫苗接种率提供科学依据。方法2020年1月15日-4月30日期间,使用12320公益电话平台,对广州、廊坊、南京、苏州、太原和重庆等6地区公众流感疫苗认知和2019-2020年流感季流感疫苗接种现状开展电话调查,采用多因素logistic回归模型分析影响不同年龄段公众流感疫苗接种率的相关因素。结果有效应答共计12263人。2019-2020年流感季,16.34%(1959/11989)受访者曾咨询过流感疫苗接种事宜,流感疫苗接种比例为12.95%(1529/11810),其中6月龄~5岁儿童接种比例为26.84%(877/3267),6~17岁学生为14.78%(245/1658),18~59岁成年人为3.99%(199/4989),≥60岁老年人为10.97%(208/1896)。仅5.22%(202/3866)受访者认为流感疫苗不安全,74.85%(3785/5057)认为流感疫苗具有中等和较好的保护效果。多因素logistic回归分析显示,免费接种、咨询流感疫苗接种、认为流感疫苗保护效果好、接种方便可促进流感疫苗的接种。结论公众对流感疫苗安全性和保护效果认可度较高,作为流感重症高危人群的5岁以下儿童和老年人需要进一步提升流感疫苗接种覆盖率。加大对流感疫苗相关知识宣传力度,提供便捷的咨询和接种服务可提高公众流感疫苗接种率。

Objective To understand the public cognition of influenza vaccine,status quo of vaccination and its influencing factors so as to provide a scientific basis for improving the coverage rate of influenza vaccination.Methods From January 15 to April 30,2020,12320 Health Hotline and Public Health Service Platform was used to investigate the public cognition of influenza vaccine and vaccination status in the 2019-2020 influenza season in 6 regions,Guangzhou,Langfang,Nanjing,Suzhou,Taiyuan and Chongqing.Multivariate logistic regression model was employed to analyze the related factors influencing the influenza vaccination rate among the public of different ages.Results A total of 12,263 subjects responded effectively.16.34%(1,959/11,989)of the respondents had ever consulted about influenza vaccination issues during the 2019-2020 influenza season.The percentage of influenza vaccination was 12.95%(1,529/11,810).Among them,the percentages of influenza vaccination in children aged 6 months to 5 years,students aged 6 to 17 years,adults aged 18 to 59 years,and the elderly aged≥60 years were 26.84%(877/3,267),14.78%(245/1,658),3.99%(199/4,989)and 10.97%(208/1,896),respectively.Only 5.22%(202/3,866)of the respondents considered influenza vaccine to be unsafe,and 74.85%(3,785/5,057)considered influenza vaccine to have moderate and good protective effects.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that free vaccination,consultation on influenza vaccination,believing that influenza vaccine was effective,and convenient vaccination service could promote the influenza vaccination.Conclusion The safety and protective effect of influenza vaccine have garnered high recognition among the public.The coverage rate of influenza vaccine needs to be further improved among children under the age of 5 years and the elderly as the high-risk population of severe influenza.Strengthening the publicity of influenza vaccine related knowledge and providing convenient consultation and vaccination service can improve the influenza vaccination rate among the public.