大学生舒缓学业压力及其反应:心理资本中介效应与性别调节效应的实证研究

College Students’Academic Pressure-relieving and Its Response:an Empirical Study on Mediating Effect of Psychological Capital and Gender Regulation Effect

目的探讨大学生在舒缓学业压力所致的心身反应时,心理资本的中介效应和性别调节效应。方法用“学生生活应激问卷”(SLSI)和“心理资本量表”(SPS)对陕西省高校933名大学生进行问卷调查。结果①大学生学业压力39%来自“争强好胜和学习受挫”(p<0.01),学业压力31%诱发其“焦虑烦恼、无力舒缓、情绪冲动、忧伤抑郁、负面评价”等压力反应(p<0.01);②男生40%以心理资本“乐观、希望、自信”舒缓学业压力(p<0.01),女生28.4%以心理资本“自信、韧性、真实、沉浸”舒缓学业压力(p<0.05)。结论增强自我效能感,培养男生乐观、希望的心理资本,女生韧性、真实、沉浸的心理资本,有利于缓解大学生学业压力,提升心理应激的自我管理效能。

Objective To explore the mediating effect of psychological capital and the effect of gender regulation in relieving the psychosomatic reaction caused by academic stress.Methods 933 college students in Shaanxi Province were investigated with SLSI and SPS.Result①39% of College Students’academic pressure came from“competitive and frustrated learning”(P<0.01),31% of College Students’academic pressure induced stress reactions such as“anxiety,weakness,emotional impulse,depression and negative evaluation”(P<0.01);②40% of male students relieved their academic pressure with“optimism,hope and confidence”of psychological capital(P<0.01),28.4% of female students’psychological capital“confidence,toughness,reality,Immersion”relieved the academic pressure(P<0.05).Conclusion Strengthening self-efficacy,cultivating optimistic and hopeful psychological capital of boys and resilient,real and immersed psychological capital of girls are beneficial to relieve the academic pressure of college students and improve the self-management effect of psychological stress.