中国古代寺院园林公共性流变

The Public Character Changes of Temple Gardens in Ancient China

佛教传入中国后建独立传教机构,并逐渐发展出中国古典园林的主流形式之一——寺院园林。文章试图以时间串联实例,基于生产力水平、科技发展、文明演进程度,加之宗教本体(佛教)在中国传播、推广、盛衰的过程以及各朝代背景下文化本身所具有的差异性,对寺院园林"公共性"的开展与变化予以考证,进而在分析人群活动类型、空间组合形式等问题的过程中,总结出时间更迭下寺院园林的"公共性"特征及变化规律,对寺院园林能否纳入"公共园林"稍做回答。并对陈垣先生在1932年北平辅仁社夏令会演讲所述观点:"佛教传播广布中国的重要原因之一是佛寺能利用园林"的观点予以一定的佐证。

The purpose of this paper is to examine the development and changes of the"publicness"of monastery gardens based on the level of productivity,technological development,and evolution of civilization,the process of the spread,promotion,and prosperity and decline of the religion itself(Buddhism)in China,and the differences in the culture itself in the context of each dynasty.On this basis,we analyze the types of crowd activities and spatial combinations,obtain the characteristics of"publicness"of monastery gardens over time and the laws of change,and conduct a preliminary discussion on whether monastery gardens can be included in"public gardens".