零形轻动词在唐诗宋词中的运用及其相关句法理论问题

The Use of Zero-Form Light Verbs in Poems in the Tang and Song Dynasties and their Related Syntactic Problems

轻动词作为重要的句法成分广泛地存在于人类语言之中,根据存在形式的不同,可以将其划分为零形轻动词和有语音形式输出的轻动词两大类。研究发现,零形轻动词在唐代和宋代汉语中已经消亡,但是在唐诗和宋词中却出现了大量的零形轻动词的特殊用法,这显然突破了唐宋时代汉语常规语法规则的束缚。文章认为诗词语言特区的存在、标新立异的复古创新手法以及诗歌的陌生化效应等因素相互交织、共同作用造成了零形轻动词在唐诗和宋词中的大量运用。虽然零形轻动词在唐诗、宋词中的运用突破了唐宋时代汉语常规语法规则的束缚,但是它并未突破人类语言能力的范围,只是在普遍语法原则框架下对有限参数的重新激活。

As an important syntactic constituent,light verbs exist widely in human languages.In terms of their forms,they can be divided into two categories:zero-form ones and ones with phonetic forms.This study found that the zeroform light verbs already died in Chinese in the Tang and Song Dynasties,but they were used in a large number of special usages.This paper believed that their uses in poetry,the unconventional and innovative methods of returning to the ancient classics and the defamiliarization effect of poetry were intertwined with each other,resulting in their emergence in the poems.Although their poetic uses went beyond Chinese regular grammar rules at that time,such uses fell within the scope of human language ability.This phenomenon only reactivates the limited parameters in the framework of the universal grammar.