黄河中上游流域水沙变异关系模型研究

Physical Mechanism and Model of Runoff and Sediment Variation in Watersheds of Middle and Upper Reseaches of Yellow River

[目的]开展黄河流域水沙变异关系模型研究,为流域水沙变化研究提供理论支持。[方法]从黄河中上游流域水沙变异影响因素分析入手,推导出以微分为基础的水沙变异关系模型。[结果]模型通过黄土高原和黄河中上游流域7个测站控制流域输沙率和流量变异变量的模拟检验,获得了7个流域输沙率和水流变异模拟平均有效性系数为0.860和0.887,平均相对误差分别为14.8%和6.7%。[结论]从水流变异、泥沙变异模拟精度和各因素变异贡献比例3个层面检验了模型,初步证明了模型结构的合理性和模拟实际泥沙变异具有的高有效性。

[Objective]The relationship model of variation of water and sediment in the Yellow River basin was studied,in order to provide theoretical support for the study on the variation of water and sediment in the basin.[Methods]The driving factors of the variation of water and sediment in watersheds of middle and upper reseaches of the Yellow River were analyzed,and the relationship model of the variation of water and sediment was deduced based on differentiation.[Results]According to the simulation test of the variation of sediment transport rate and flow at seven stations in the Loess Plateau and the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River,the average validity coefficient of the model was 0.860 and 0.887,and the average relative error was 14.8%and 6.7%,respectively.[Conclusion]The model have been tested from three aspects:the simulation accuracy of flow variation,sediment variation and the contribution ratio of variation of each factor,which preliminarily proves the rationality of the model structure and the high effectiveness of the simulated sediment variation.