湿地生态系统服务功能的空间格局——以内蒙古森工湿地生态系统为例

Spatial Pattern of Wetland Ecosystem Service Function--A Case Study on Forestry Industry Wetland Ecosystem in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

[目的]对内蒙古森工湿地生态系统服务功能空间格局进行研究,为保护该区森工湿地生态系统和资源的可持续利用提供理论依据。[方法]以2018年内蒙古森工湿地资源调查数据为基础,内蒙古森工湿地生态系统为研究对象,利用市场价值法、碳税法、工业制氧成本法、影子工程法、污染防治成本法和专家评估等生态经济价值评价方法,逐项对其涵养水源、固碳释氧等8项服务功能所产生的价值量进行评估。[结果]内蒙古森工湿地生态系统服务功能总价值量为860.92亿元;其中,涵养水源、降解污染、提供生物栖息、固土保肥、固碳释氧、科研文化游憩、改善小气候和营养物质积累价值量分别为:111.78,104.02,89.38,67.64,56.16,43.25,24.11和5.53亿元。大杨树、乌尔旗汗和库都尔林业局生态价值量排位列前三,分别为111.78,104.02和89.38亿元。[结论]各项服务功能,以涵养水源、降解污染和提供生物栖息为主导服务功能,以营养物质积累为最小服务功能。从整体空间格局分布来看,各林业局湿地生态系统服务功能价值量的空间分布总体趋势均表现为:中部>西南部>北部。

[Objective]The spatial pattern of the forest industry wetland ecosystem service function in Inner Mongolia was studied in order to provide theoretical basis for the sustainable utilization of forest industry wetland ecosystem and resources.[Methods]Based on the survey data of wetland resource in 2018 in Inner Mongolia forestry enterprise,the Inner Mongolia forestry enterprise wetland ecosystem was taken as the research object.According to the evaluation methods of wetland ecosystem service value which were commonly used at home and abroad such as market value,carbon tax method,industrial oxygen producing method,shadow engineering method,pollution control cost method,expert evaluation and so on,the values of eight service function such as water conservation,carbon fixation and so on were evaluated.[Results]The total value of the service function was 8.61×1010 yuan;and those of water conservation,carbon fixation and oxygen release,degradation pollution,soil conversation,nutrient accumulation,improving the microclimate,habitats,and scientific,cultural and recreation,were respectively 1.12×1010 yuan,1.04×1010 yuan,8.94×109 yuan,6.76×109 yuan,5.62×109 yuan,4.33×109 yuan,2.41×109 yuan,and 5.53×108 yuan,The total value of Dayangshu,Wuerqihan and Kudur Forestry Bureau ranked in the top three,which were 1.12×1010 yuan,1.04×1010 yuan and 8.94×109 yuan respectively.[Conclusion]Water conservation,degradation pollution and habitats are the leading service functions;With the nutrients accumulation as the minimum service function,from the perspective of the overall spatial pattern distribution,the overall trend of the spatial distribution of the value in all forestry bureaus is as follows:in the central>in the southwest>in the north.