各民族交往交流交融:淡化族际差异抑或强化族际纽带?

Inter-ethnic Exchange, Communication and Integration: Weakening Inter-ethnic Differences or Strengthening Inter-ethnic Ties?

当前围绕铸牢中华民族共同体意识还存在一些理论误区,将各民族交往交流交融与人为淡化族际差异关联起来正是其中之一。从族际关系中张力来源学理辨识的角度而言,"族际冲突主要是由历史文化方面的族际差异所造成"的流行观念遭受到越来越多的挑战,这就使得其背后潜藏的以淡化族际差异来消解族际关系张力的政策理念失去了学理支撑。从同化主义与多元文化主义价值选择角度而言,人为淡化族际差异在当今已丧失了其道德与价值上的合法性,而强化族际纽带恰好具备超越两种价值对垒的现实意义。从中华民族多元一体格局结构限定角度而言,中华民族内部结构的多元要求各民族交往交流交融不以淡化族际差异为政策目标,而中华民族的共同体性质又要求强化族际纽带。从民族国家与多民族国家话语竞争的角度而言,单一民族国家理念追求对多样性的消解,倡导淡化族际差异;多民族国家理念重视对多样性的沟通,主张在各民族交往交流交融中强化族际纽带。各民族交往交流交融作为铸牢中华民族共同体意识的主要路径,旨在增强共同性而非同质性,坚持以强化族际纽带而非淡化族际差异作为实践取向。

At present, there are still some theoretical misunderstandings on the issue of forging the consciousness of Chinese nation community. For example, it is believed that the purpose of advocating inter-ethnic exchange, communication and integration is to dilute ethnic differences artificially. From the perspective of the source of tension in inter-ethnic relations, the traditional idea that "inter-ethnic conflicts are mainly caused by inter-ethnic differences in historical and cultural" is confronted with more and more challenges, which makes the policy of defusing inter-ethnic tensions by downplaying inter-ethnic differences lose its theoretical support. From the perspective of value selection between assimilationism and multiculturalism, artificially downplaying inter-ethnic differences has lost its moral and value legitimacy in t the present era, and strengthening inter-ethnic ties happens to have the practical significance beyond the confrontation between these two values. From the perspective of the structural limitation of the pattern of diversity and unity of the Chinese nation, the pluralism of the internal ethnic structure requires that the exchange, communication and integration of different ethnic groups not to take the dilution of inter-ethnic differences as the policy goal, while the nature of the Chinese nation as a community requires that the exchange, communication and integration of different ethnic groups to strengthen inter-ethnic ties. From the perspective of discourse competition between nation-states and multi-ethnic states, the concept of a nation-state seeks to eliminate diversity and advocates the dilution of inter-ethnic differences in the process of nation-building. The concept of a multi-ethnic state attaches great importance to communication on diversity and calls for strengthening inter-ethnic bonds through communication and integration among different ethnic groups. As the main way to forge the consciousness of the Chinese national community, the exchange, communication and integration of different ethnic groups aims to enhance commonality rather than homogeneity, and to strengthen inter-ethnic ties rather than dilute inter-ethnic differences as a practical orientation.