客家族群认识论转向与学术知识体系建构

The Reorientation of Hakkas Epistemology and the Construction of Academic Knowledge System

客家是我国汉族的一个重要且独特的支系。在长达二百多年的客家研究中,对于"什么是客家"这个客家研究的根本问题的认识与解答,经过了由"民系论"到"族群论"再到"文化论"的多次转向,每次转向都激发着学者们对客家研究的热情,不断推动客家研究的广泛和深入开展,使得客家研究走过了由停滞到复兴再到快速发展的历程,在研究内容上,从客家历史源流扩展到客家文化多维领域;在研究方法上,由历史学为主向民族学、人类学、民俗学等多学科方法转变;在研究走向上,从对客家历史文化的探究转向对客家历史文化的挖掘与客家当下文化发展并重。在每种观点引领下,客家研究的侧重点也各不相同,其主要研究内容和研究方法亦存在差异,并分别发展成为不同的客家研究路径,共同丰富着客家研究的话语体系,不断推动客家研究学术知识体系的构建和逐步完善。"客家是一个文化概念"的观点使客家研究趋向建构一个更具广泛意义的学术知识体系。客家研究可以加强和深化对中国社会历史整体性的理解和认识。

Hakka is an important and unique branch of Han ethnic group in China. Over 200 years of Hakka studies, the understanding and answer towards "what is Hakka" is the fundamental question of Hakka research, which has changed from "people’s theory" to "ethnic theory" to "culture theory". The process inspires scholars’ enthusiasm for Hakka research and promotes the extensive and in-depth development of Hakka research, which promotes Hakka research go through the process from stagnation to rejuvenation, and further to rapid development. The content of the study from the origin of Hakka history to the multi-dimensional field of Hakka culture in terms of research methods from history to ethnology, anthropology, folklore and other multi-disciplinary methods. Study changed from exploring Hakka history and culture to combining the present development of Hakka culture into the study. The emphasis of Hakka research is different under different viewpoint, and its main research contents and research methods are also different. Hakka studies can strengthen and deepen the understanding of the integrity of Chinese society and history.