论非物质文化遗产学学科建设的方向与路径

On the Direction and Path of the Subject Construction of Intangible Cultural Heritage

建立一门独立的非物质文化遗产学日益成为社会各界共同关切的话题。非物质文化遗产学不仅已经具备成为学科的学理性、学术性,同时也符合当前社会发展的现实需求。非遗学学科设立是由我国文化遗产体量之大和非遗传承人群之众决定的。非物质文化遗产具有活态性,是活在生活中的文化遗产,它覆盖了传统音乐、戏剧、戏曲、曲艺、舞蹈、美术、书法、杂技、魔术、游戏等各种文艺门类。非物质文化遗产国际保护的学理、法律、共识为该学科创造了强大的客观条件。非物质文化遗产作为一种21世纪初才出现的全球化理念,概念出现得如此晚近,而它所面对的文化对象又如此庞大、丰富、复杂,故对非物质文化遗产进行大范围、大力度、大时段的保护,就必须有科学的方法、手段乃至可持续的教育和学科的保障。非物质文化遗产学独立门户是势在必行的,它的学科设立可选择方向有三:一是跻身文化遗产学,与其一起在整个学科目录中开宗立派;二是在交叉学科或平台自立一级学科;三是在历史学门类下建立一级学科。其中最佳选择是"文化遗产学"立为门类,一步到位,也将在国内国际产生积极影响。非物质文化遗产学具有广阔的就业方向,其教材体系和课程也有特色。非物质文化遗产学的设立既关乎人文教育、社会科学体系的完备,也是新时代文化发展的必然结果。

Intangible Cultural Heritage has not only become a subject of scientific studies, but also is in accordance with the current needs of social development. Intangible cultural heritage is a living culture, which covers traditional music, drama, opera, dance, calligraphy, acrobatics, magic and other categories of literature and art. The protection of intangible cultural heritage requires scientific methods and even sustainable education and discipline guarantee. To set intangible culture heritage as an independent subject is imperative. It would make the system of humanities education and social sciences to be more complete, and is an inevitable result of cultural development in the new era.