田野研究与学科建设:以民间剪纸为个案的文化遗产传承保护实践

Field Research and Discipline Construction: the Protection Practice of Cultural Heritage Inheritance with Folk Paper-cut as a Case Study

对中国民间剪纸的持续关注,是中央美术学院民间美术研究的文化视角和实践主题。以民间剪纸为对象的研究过程是漫长的,这个过程不是书斋里的学术探究,而是积极的社会实践,与时代命运与现实生活紧密相连。中央美术学院与剪纸的缘分扎根在乡村生活的"大课堂",从抗日战争时期延安鲁迅艺术学院的民间采风,到改革开放初期民族文化复兴热潮中的乡村剪纸普查,再到21世纪初国家非遗项目启动后中国剪纸申遗等一系列重要实践,中央美术学院三代人是传承并创新剪纸艺术的重要参与者。自21世纪初,中央美术学院非物质文化遗产研究中心围绕中国剪纸开展了一系列文化遗产实践,将非遗新学科发展与社会现实需求结合起来,推进了全社会对中国民间剪纸作为世界非遗的整体文化认知。近20年来完成了对中国少数民族剪纸传统的调查与研究,推动了学科建设,丰富了面向社会需求的文化遗产实践。剪纸作为具有普遍性和代表性的民族艺术创作语言,也成为艺术创作现代性探索的新类型。

Continuous attention to Chinese folk paper-cut is the cultural perspective and practical theme of folk art research in the Central Academy of Fine Arts.The research process of folk paper-cut is long and requires active social practices. The history of research on paper-cut could be chased back to 1930 s, and it developed to early stage of reform and opening up, then further to a series of important historical events such as Chinese paper-cut applying for national intangible heritage in early 21 st century. From the beginning of the 21 st century, the Center of Intangible Cultural Heritage of the Central Academy of Fine Arts has carried out a series of cultural heritage practices around Chinese paper-cut, combining the development of intangible cultural heritage as a new discipline with the needs of social reality. It promotes the whole society’s understanding of Chinese folk paper-cut in the backdrop of a holistic view towards the world intangible culture heritage. During the past 20 years, the investigation and research on Chinese paper-cut tradition of some ethnic groups have been completed and the discipline construction has been promoted. Paper-cut has become a new type of modern exploration of art making.