中国农村老年人心理健康的社会学干预:行动研究视角下的反思

Sociological Intervention on Mental Health of the Elderly in Rural China: Reflection from the Perspective of Action Research

以提高行动质量为目标,将理论和实践结合起来的行动研究契合了国家对学术研究者的要求。目前我国学术领域对于行动研究的讨论较为零散,理论与经验研究均有待补充。本文以中国10个省(自治区、直辖市)的农村老年人心理健康的社会学干预研究(2011年—2018年)为实证材料,初步探讨行动研究中行动与研究的互构、互嵌关系,为未来的行动研究提供经验与借鉴。中国农村老年人心理健康干预研究是一项社会干预的行动研究,旨在提升农村老年人的社会支持系统效能、改善农村老年人的心理健康水平;研究者对当地行动者进行培训,并对干预行动进行设计、督导与评估;当地行动者即"守门人"团队则是干预行动的实际执行者。本文结合实证案例,从三个层面展开讨论:一是"行动与研究互为宗旨",即研究能帮助解决现实情境中的实际问题、实现行动价值,同时行动也有助于研究实现学术价值;二是"行动与研究互为情境",即在研究中行动、在行动中研究,两者环环相扣、螺旋推进;三是"行动者与研究者合作互惠",即研究者与行动者建立合作关系,并且在彼此关系中获得自身意义与价值。中国农村老年人心理健康干预研究的成功,证明了基于行动研究的社会学干预在中国基层具有旺盛的生命力和广阔的前景。行动研究有助于推动学术研究实现经世致用之道。

Action research aiming at improving the quality of action and combining theory and practice meets the national requirements for academic researchers. At present, the discussion of action research in the academic field of our country is random, which requires to be improved both on the theory and empirical research. This paper takes the sociological intervention study on the mental health of the rural elderly in 10 provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) in China(2011-2018) as the empirical material. It makes a preliminary study on the inter-construction and interplay relationship between action and research. Combining some empirical cases, this article discusses the issue through three aspects. The success of the study of psychological intervention of the elderly in rural China proves that sociological intervention based on action research has strong vitality and broad prospects at the grass-roots level in China. Action research helps to promote academic research to realize its pragmatism in reality.