秦汉边政的方位形势:“北边”“南边”“西边”“西北边”

Position and Situation of Frontier Politics in Qin and Han Dynasties: In “North”, “South”, “West”, and “Northwest” Respectively

秦汉时期的边政,可以为后世提供多种历史经验和历史教训。回顾秦汉边政史,应当同时了解当时的生态环境、政治格局、经济水准与民族关系等多方面的历史条件,亦应涉及不同民族的生产方式和军事实力。秦汉边政规划与实践,集中了执政者及其谘议人员的政治智慧。不同地理方位的处置形式不同,有复杂的因素。"北边"最受重视,是因为草原强势军事集团匈奴的存在。汉武帝时代进军漠北,克服西域,取得了全面扩张的成功。当时社会"宜西北万里"的进取方向,与英雄主义和开放精神共同表现出汉文化积极的时代风格。东汉初期汉光武帝刘秀执政时期,有转而用心"南边"的趋向。然而汉明帝起,又致力西域,实现了"定远"的成功。

The frontier politics during the Qin and Han dynasties can provide many historical experiences and lessons for later times. Reviewing the history of Qin and Han dynasties, we should also understand the ecological environment, political pattern, economic level and ethnic relations and other historical conditions, apart from different ethnic production patterns and military capabilities. The planning and practice of frontier politics in Qin and Han dynasties indicated the political wisdom of the rulers and their counselors, adopting different forms of handling different geographical positions.The north frontier is the most important since the Huns existed with powerful military capabilities. During emperor Wudi’s reign in the Han Dynasty, military expansion reached the Gobi desert and western regions. During the reign of Emperor Liu Xiu of the Han Dynasty, there was instead a tendency to focus on the south, while during the reign of Mingdi, the focus again shifted towards the west, so as to attain success in conquering and pacifying the far flung frontier area.