头颅核磁共振用于诊断缺血性脑卒中后血管性痴呆的临床观察

Observe on the clinical effect of MRI in vascular dementia after ischemic stroke

目的观察缺血性脑卒中后血管性痴呆患者头颅核磁共振(MRI)检测的特征,评价其用于该疾病早期诊断及病情监测的价值。方法选择2016年8月—2020年8月于台州市中心医院收治的200例缺血性脑卒中患者为研究对象,将卒中后未发生血管性痴呆的患者纳入对照组,将卒中后发生血管性痴呆的患者纳入研究组,均进行头颅MRI检测,观察脑组织梗死病灶大小,测定大脑白质感兴趣区域的表观弥散系数(ADC)。结果全部缺血性脑卒中患者中,血管性痴呆发生率为26.50%;研究组脑组织存在大梗死和中梗死病灶的患者比例(50.94%和56.60%)均显著高于对照组(21.76%和23.81%),χ^(2)=15.943、19.097;均P<0.001;研究组左侧、右侧海马体积和大脑左右径检测数值均显著小于对照组,而研究组颞叶钩回间距检测数值显著大于对照组(均P<0.001);研究组额叶前部、额叶后部、侧脑室前角区、侧脑室后角区、半卵圆中心和海马区等区域脑白质ADC检测数值均显著低于对照组(均P<0.001)。结论缺血性脑卒中后血管性痴呆患者存在皮质萎缩、脑沟增宽、梗死病灶面积大和脑白质稀疏的特征,头颅MRI检测可有效诊断缺血性脑卒中血管性痴呆的相关临床特征,对早期治疗及预后评估具有一定临床价值。

Objective To observe the characteristics of brain magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) in patients with vascular dementia after ischemic stroke and evaluate the value of MRI in the early diagnosis and monitoring of the disease. Methods A total of 200 patients with ischemic stroke who were treated in Taizhou Central Hospital from August 2016 to August 2020 were included in the study. Patients without vascular dementia after stroke were included in the control group, whereas patients with vascular cerebral infatuation after stroke were included in the study group. All patients underwent cranial MRI detection. Infarct size was observed, and the apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC) of the white texture region of interest was measured. Results In all 200 patients with acute ischemic stroke, the incidence of vascular cerebral infatuation was 26.50%. The proportions of patients with large and medium cerebral infarction in the study group(50.94% and 56.60%) were significantly higher than those in the control group(21.76% and 23.81%;χ^(2)=15.943, 19.097;all P<0.001). The volumes of the left and right hippocampi and the left and right cerebral diameters of the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group, and the distance between the uncinate gyrus of the temporal lobe in the study group was significantly higher than that in the control group(all P<0.001). The ADC values of the white matter in the frontal area of the frontal lobe, posterior area of the frontal lobe, anterior horn of the lateral ventricle, posterior horn of the lateral ventricle, semioval centre and hippocampus were significantly lower in the study group than in the control group(all P<0.001). Conclusion Patients with vascular dementia after ischemic stroke have the characteristics of cortical atrophy, widened sulcus, large infarct area and sparse white matter. MRI examination can effectively diagnose the clinical features of vascular dementia after ischemic stroke and has a clinical value for early treatment and prognosis evaluation.