《左传》所见族灭现象原因探析

Analysis of the Extermination Causes of the Clans in Zuo Zhuan

春秋时期的政治斗争往往以家族间的争权夺势为其主要表现形式。由于贵族政治实力是以其族属作为保障的,因此,消灭敌对势力的根本办法就是夷宗灭族。政治斗争是《左传》所见春秋时期族灭现象产生的主要原因,具体反映在公室与公族、公室与卿族、公族与卿族之间的政治斗争之中。从以族灭现象表现出的贵族政治斗争的历史过程看,族灭使得贵族政治权力不断下移,卿族藉此逐渐崛起,最终在春秋晚期出现“三家分晋”“田氏代齐”的局面。

In the Spring and Autumn Period,the main form of political struggle was the struggle for power among families.Because the aristocrat’s political strength was guaranteed by its clan,the fundamental way to eliminate the hostile forces was to destroy the clan.Political struggle is the main cause of the phenomenon of exterminations of the clan in the Spring and Autumn Period as seen in Zuo Zhuan,which is reflected in the political struggle between Gong Shi and Gong Zu,between Gong Shi and the ministers,between Gong Zu and the ministers.From the historical process of aristocratic political struggle manifested by the phenomenon of extermination of the clan,the political power of aristocracy had been continuously declining,and the ministers has gradually risen.Finally,in the late Spring and Autumn Period,the situation of"Partition of Jin"and"Tian Crusaded the Qi"appeared.