2015~2019年大连市手足口病流行病学分析

Analysis on epidemiological characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease,Dalian city,2015-2019

目的了解大连市手足口病(HFMD)流行病学及病原学特征,为制定防控策略提供科学依据。方法采用描述性流行病学方法,对从中国疾病预防控制信息系统中获取的2015~2019年大连市手足口病病例信息及病原学检测结果进行分析。结果2015~2019年大连市共报告手足口病病例33899例,年均发病率为98.28/10万,呈现大小年交替流行趋势,不同年份手足口病发病率有显著性差异(P<0.01)。时间分布呈单峰型,季节性明显,发病主要集中在7~8月;5岁以下儿童为主,占病例总数的76.29%,其中3岁病例数最多;散居儿童和幼托儿童占病例总数的91.47%;城乡结合部和农村发病数较高。2015~2019年大连市实验室确诊病例2677例,柯萨奇病毒A6(CoxA6)为主占41.13%。不同年份优势病原不同,2015、2018年以CoxA6为主;2016、2019年以CoxA16为主;2017年以EV71型为主。结论大连市手足口病具有明显的季节、地区、人群差异,关注城乡结合部和农村地区的低幼儿童,CoxA6成为优势病原之一。

Objective To understand the epidemiological and etiological characteristics of hand foot and mouth disease(HFMD)in Dalian city,so as to provide scientific basis for disease prevention and control measures.Methods The description epidemiology analysis method was used to analyze the data of HFMD cases from Chinese Information System for Disease Control and Prevention in Dalian city during 2015-2019.Results A total of 33899 HFMD cases were reported in Dalian city during 2015-2019.The average incidence was 98.28/105,showing a trend of alternating popularity in high-incidence and low-incidence years.There were significant differences in the incidence of HFMD in different years(P<0.01).It showed obvious seasonal character,the incidence peaked in July-August;the cases concentrated in children under 5 years old,accounting for 76.29%,and the 3-year-old group had the most cases.The number of reported cases was the highest among children in the diaspora and early childhood care,accounting for 91.47%of all cases.There were more cases in urban-rural integration area than in other area.The positive number of HFMD was 2677,among which CoxA6 accounted for 41.13%.The dominant pathogens were different in different years,and CoxA6 was dominant in 2015 and 2018.CoxA16 was dominant in 2016 and 2019.In 2017,EV71 was the main pathogen.Conclusion There are significant seasonal,regional and demographic differences in HFMD in Dalian city,attention should be paid to the children in urban-rural fringe and rural areas.CoxA6 had become one of the dominant pathogens.