基于认知地图理论的墨西哥城地铁导视系统设计研究

Design of Mexico City Metro Wayfinding Based on Cognitive Map Theory

目的以认知地图理论的研究视角出发,通过墨西哥城地铁导视系统设计个案研究,提出地铁空间导视系统设计方法。方法分别从墨西哥城地铁路线图设计、导视系统节点与道路设计、地面景观标志物引入站点标志3个方面,分析地铁寻路者的认知识别心理规律。结论地铁路线图设计应当与认知地图相契合,呈现出高度简化与概括的地铁路线方位信息的可视化特点。地铁导视系统设计的关键是节点选择及其信息分级设计,节点"由点及线"串连起了各个地铁通道,与标志物一起形成了完整的认知地图。墨西哥城地铁导视系统的显著特色是将地面景观标志物引入地下站点标志,变成了认知地图的记忆节点、判断方向和距离的参照点,创造性地解决了地铁空间寻路的难题。

From the perspective of cognitive map theory,this paper puts forward the design method of metro space wayfinding system through the case study of Metro Wayfinding System design in Mexico City.This paper analyzes the psychological rules of cognitive recognition of subway seekers from the following three aspects:metro route map,wayfinding system node and road,and the introduction of site signs by ground landscape signs.This paper holds that the design of metro route map should be consistent with cognitive map,presenting highly simplified and generalized visualization of subway route orientation information.The key to the design of metro wayfinding system is the selection of nodes and the design of information classification.The nodes"connect the metro channels by points and lines"and form a complete cognitive map together with the signs.The remarkable feature of Mexico City Metro Wayfinding System is that the ground landscape signs are introduced into the underground station signs,which become the memory node of cognitive map and the reference point of judging direction and distance,and creatively solve the problem of metro space road finding.