信号肽在大肠杆菌分泌系统中的研究与应用进展

Research and Application Progress of Signal Peptides in Escherichia coli Secretion Systems

大肠杆菌以其明显的优势成为表达重组蛋白常用的系统,但是大肠杆菌本身不具备细胞内形成二硫键的氧化条件和分子机制,而且高水平表达时常容易聚集形成包涵体,限制了其使用,改善这一缺点的重要方法是通过信号肽实现蛋白质的分泌表达。信号肽一般存在于分泌蛋白的氨基端,能够引导蛋白质通过大肠杆菌中的Sec或/和Tat系统分泌至周质空间。简要概述了大肠杆菌中两种跨膜分泌系统和信号肽的结构,并结合近年来常用6种信号肽的研究与应用进展,阐述了信号肽在使用中存在的问题及改进措施。旨在为研究者合理选择信号肽、优化重组蛋白的表达提供更多可用的信息与策略。

Escherichia coli has become a commonly used system for expressing recombinant proteins due to its obvious advantages. However,E. coli does not have the oxidative conditions and molecular mechanisms for the formation of disulfide bonds in the cytoplasm,and high-level expression often tends to aggregate to form inclusion bodies,which limits its use. Signal peptides to guide proteins secretion can overcome this shortcoming.The proteins with signal peptides are secreted by the Sec or/and Tat systems in E. coli. The E. coli secretion systems and the structure of signal peptides were summarized. Meanwhile,the research and application progress of six commonly used signal peptides in recent years were introduced. Finally,the problems and improvement measures in the application of signal peptides were summarized,which would provide more useful information and strategies for researchers to select signal peptides reasonably and optimize the expression of recombinant proteins.