磁性表面活性剂的研究进展

Research progress of magnetic surfactants

磁性表面活性剂是一类同时具有表面活性和对磁响应双重功能的表面活性剂,允许表面活性剂的性质可以简单的由磁场的"开"和"关"来控制。本文综述了磁性表面活性剂的结构、合成、性能和应用研究进展。具有磁响应的反离子与表面活性基团可通过正负离子静电吸引或金属离子与表面活性基团形成络合物相结合,磁性表面活性剂比非磁性母体表面活性剂具有优异的表面性能,如低的表面张力和小的临界胶束浓度(cmc)。外加磁场能够进一步降低磁性表面活性剂水溶液的表面张力。磁性表面活性剂的磁矩主要由金属离子所决定,烷基三甲基铵类磁性表面活性剂的磁矩大于烷基咪唑类磁性表面活性剂的磁矩。磁性表面活性剂在药物输送、微乳液、纳米材料、杀菌等方面表现出了独特的性能,预示这类表面活性剂具有良好的发展前景。

Magnetic surfactants are a kind of surfactants with both surface activity and magnetic response.The properties of the surfactants can be simply controlled by the“on”and“off”of external magnetic fields.The structure,synthesis,properties and application of magnetic surfactants are reviewed.The counterions with magnetic response and surface active ions can be combined by electrostatic attraction or complexation.Magnetic surfactants have better surface properties than nonmagnetic parent surfactants,such as lower surface tension and smaller cmc.The surface tension of aqueous solutions of magnetic surfactants can be further reduced by external magnetic field.The magnetic moment of a magnetic surfactant is mainly determined by metal ions,and the magnetic moment of alkyl trimethyl ammonium magnetic surfactant is greater than that of alkyl imidazole magnetic surfactant.Magnetic surfactants exhibit unique properties in drug delivery,microemulsion,nanomaterials and sterilization,which indicates that this kind of surfactants have good development prospect.