不同类型生物质秸秆燃烧特征研究

Study of Characteristics through Biomass Burning

东北地区作为我国主要农业省份,其粮食产量高的同时亦产生大量的生物质,露天燃烧是去除生物质的高效而便捷的方式,但生物质燃烧过程会释放包括PM2.5、CO、VOCs等空气污染物,对区域环境质量、大气能见度、人类健康等均产生一定程度的影响。同时,生物质类型繁多,其燃烧产物和影响不尽相同,收集花生壳、稻壳、秸秆、木质颗粒物4种生物质,利用实验室环境模拟舱进行室外模拟燃烧实验,测定其燃烧产物中的无机元素、水溶性离子以及形貌分析。4种生物质燃烧后的8种无机元素中,均呈现出Zn含量较高,而致癌元素含量较低的趋势;小麦秸秆和木质颗粒物的水溶性离子排放因子较花生壳和稻壳较大,且水溶性离子以K^(+)和Cl^(-)排放较多;通过燃烧产物的形貌分析可以看出,不同类型生物质燃烧后形貌各异,以条状、柱状及颗粒状为主。该结果为研究地方生物质燃烧特点奠定了理论基础,并为地方生物质燃烧排放特征的确定提供了数据支撑。

As a major agricultural province in China,the northeast China produces a large amount of biomass along with high grain production.Open burning is an efficient and convenient way to remove biomass.However,atmospheric pollutants(PM2.5,CO,VOCs)are released in the process of biomass combustion,which has an impact on regional environmental quality,atmospheric visibility,and human health.Because of the various type of biomass,their combustion products and effects are different.In this study,peanut shells,rice husks,straw and wood pellets were collected and simulated combustion experiments were carried out in a laboratory environmental simulation chamber.Determination of the combustion products of inorganic elements,water-soluble ions and morphology analysis were conducted.The results showed that the content of Zn was higher than that of carcinogenic elements after combustion among eight main inorganic elements.The water-soluble ions emission factors of wheat straw and wood pellets were larger than those of peanut shells and rice husks,and the water-soluble ions are mainly K^(+) and Cl^(-).The morphological analysis of combustion products showed that that the morphology of different types of biomass after combustion was different,mainly in the form of strips,columns and particles.The results lay a theoretical foundation for the study of local biomass combustion,and provide data for the determination of local biomass combustion emission characteristics.