第一代大学生身份是否会阻碍学生的生涯发展——基于首都大学生成长追踪调查的实证研究

Does Being a First-Generation College Student Hinder Students’Career Development:An Empirical Study Based on the Beijing College Students Panel Survey

基于首都大学生成长追踪调查数据,在文化再生产理论和社会选择假设的框架下,将学生生涯发展界定为就读期间的多维资本获得和毕业后的升学机会获得两个维度,全面考察第一代大学生身份是否会阻碍学生的生涯发展。结果显示,在本科求学期间的多维资本获得上,相比非第一代大学生,第一代大学生的人力资本和社会资本的获得水平并不存在劣势,甚至其政治资本的获得水平存在一定的优势,这一发现与社会选择假设相吻合。在本科毕业后的升学机会获得上,相比非第一代大学生,第一代大学生的升学意愿、实际升学和出国升学的可能性均更低,这一发现与文化再生产理论相吻合。由此可知,不利的家庭出身背景对第一代大学生生涯发展的阻碍主要体现为可能限制其对更高层级和更高质量教育机会的追求。

Using the data from the Beijing College Students Panel Survey,and under the framework of the cultural reproduction theory and the social selection hypothesis,this study defines the undergraduates’career development as the acquisition of multi-dimensional capital during the study period and the acquisition of higher education opportunities after graduation,and comprehensively investigates whether being first-generation college students will hinder their career development.The results show that compared with non-first-generation college students,first-generation college students do not fall behind in the acquisition of human capital and social capital,and even have an advantage in the acquisition of political capital.This finding is consistent with social selection hypothesis.Compared with non-first-generation college students,first-generation college students are less willing to study further,less likely to go to graduate school and study abroad after graduation,which is consistent with the cultural reproduction theory.Therefore,disadvantaged family backgrounds hinder the career development of the first-generation college students mainly for it may limit their pursuit of higher level and higher quality educational opportunities.