生命历程视角下子女对父母幸福感的影响

The Influence of Children on Parents'Happiness from the Perspective of Life Course

基于CGSS2015的数据,将子女生命历程划分为0~6岁、7~18岁、19~30岁和31岁及以上四个阶段,通过有序logistic回归分析子女生命历程变化对父母幸福感的影响。研究认为,父母幸福感随着子女的成长先上升后下降再上升;城市父母幸福感的波动变化更加明显,农村父母的幸福感随着子女的成长不断上升;父母的幸福感随着儿子的成长而上升,随着女儿的成长而下降;父亲的幸福感随着子女的成长而下降,而母亲的幸福感则不断上升。此外,父母幸福感的变化及幸福感的城乡、性别差异与父母对子女的需求不同、家庭内部的性别分工不同、城乡经济发展差异、城乡公共服务水平不均密切相关。建议缩小城乡差异,完善学前教育体系和就业体系,改进传统的性别分工模式,减轻父母的压力和负担,增加其幸福感。

Based on CGSS2015 data,this paper conducts an empirical analysis on children's influence on the happiness of their parents from the perspective of life course through ordered logistic regression.The study divides the children's life course into four stages:0-6 years old,7-18 years old,19-30 years old,31 years old and above.The empirical results show that,on the whole,with the growth of their children,the happiness level of the parents increases first,decreases afterwards,and increases again finally.Also,the change of happiness level of urban parents is more drastic than the average level,while the happiness level of rural parents keeps rising with the growth of their children.In addition,parents'happiness increases with the growth of their sons and decreases with the growth of their daughters.Fathers'happiness declines as their children grow,while mothers'happiness rises.Further study finds that the change of parents'happiness,urban-rural differences and gender differences in their happiness is not only connected with urban-rural economic development differences and rural public service equalization level,but also related to the different needs of parents for their children and gender division of labor in the family.It is suggested to narrow the gap between urban and rural areas,improve the preschool education system,improve the employment system and the traditional mode of gender division of labor,reduce the pressure and burden of children's parents,and increase their happiness.