体育锻炼对老年人积极老龄化的影响——基于CLASS 2016年调查数据的实证研究

Physical Exercise and Active Aging of the Elderly in China:A Study Based on 2016 China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey

在积极老龄化框架下,使用中国老年社会追踪调查(CLASS)2016年数据,利用改进的熵权法测度了中国老年人的积极老龄化水平,并运用OLS回归和倾向得分匹配(PSM)的计量方法,分析了体育锻炼对老年人积极老龄化水平的影响。结果显示:加强体育锻炼对老年人的积极老龄化水平具有显著的促进作用,不同的体育锻炼指标均验证了研究结果的稳健性;体育锻炼频率越高的老年人积极老龄化水平越高;平均每次锻炼的时间对积极老龄化水平的影响存在30分钟的门槛效应;与步行运动相比,非步行运动的积极老龄化效应更大;使用体育场地对积极老龄化的显著促进作用进一步验证了研究结论的稳健性。此外,体育锻炼对不同类型老年人积极老龄化水平的影响具有异质性特征。未来应重新认识体育锻炼的价值,将体育锻炼作为提升老年人积极老龄化水平的重要途径。

Using data from China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey(CLASS)conducted in 2016,we explored the level of active aging for Chinese elderly through an improved entropy weight method,and analyzed the role of physical exercise in active aging for older adults through OLS regression and propensity score matching.Results suggest that physical exercise plays a positive role in promoting the active aging level of the elderly,and various indicators of physical exercise have verified the robustness of the research results.Firstly,the higher the frequency of physical exercises,the higher the level of active aging in older adults.Secondly,there is a threshold of 30 minutes for the effect of average exercise time on the level of active aging.Thirdly,compared with walking exercise programs,the effect of non-walking sports on active aging is greater.Fourthly,the significant promotion effect of using sports venues on active aging further validates the robustness of the conclusions.In addition,the effect of physical exercise on the active aging level of different cohorts of older people has heterogeneous characteristics.Therefore,we should refresh our views on the value of physical exercise and make it an important way to improve the level of active aging in older people.