大型空间受限盲采空区深孔爆破处理技术

Deep Hole Blasting Disposal Technology for Restricted Blind Goaf with Large Space

为合理处理体积大、顶板厚度大、空间受限的盲采空区,以大宝山矿露天采场49线590大型采空区为工程实例,通过三维激光扫描系统C-ALS及三维实体建模技术以获取采空区参数,应用传统力学计算方法、极限分析法及弹性小变形薄板理论方法计算采空区最小安全顶板厚度以确定采空区处理的最佳时机。综合采空区探测参数及最小安全顶板厚度计算数据,采取合理的采空区爆破崩落方案,在顶板最薄的地方设置掏槽区域并提高局部炸药单耗,同时在掏槽区设计底部装药钻孔以获取爆破补偿空间,从而有效的爆破崩落采空区。通过体积平衡法对采空区爆破处理效果进行评判,采空区顶板塌陷完全,达到预期效果。

In order to study a deep hole blasting dispose technology for blind goaf with large volume,large roof thickness and limited space,the 49-590 large-scale goaf in Dabaoshan open-pit mine was taken as an engineering example in this research.The goaf parameters were obtained by a 3D laser scanning system C-ALS and 3D solid modeling technology.The minimum safety thickness the roof was calculated to determine the best time for goaf treatment by using traditional mechanical method,limit analysis method and theory of elastic thin sheet with small deformation.By integrating the detection parameters of the goaf and the calculation results of the minimum safety thickness the roof,a reasonable blasting caving scheme for the goaf was adopted.The cut area was set in the thinnest part of the roof and the local powder factor was increased.Meanwhile,the bottom-charging hole was designed in the cut area to obtain the blasting compensation space.Thus,the goaf was effectively blasted.Using the volume balance method to evaluate the blasting effect,the roof was completely collapsed,and an expected effect was achieved.