采用加速度计的铣刀切削力和振动监测

Cutting force and vibration monitoring of milling cutter using accelerometer

针对高档数控机床铣削过程中的切削状态监测问题,对安装在主轴箱上的多加速度计融合进行了研究,提出了一种估算铣刀切削力和振动的方法。首先,通过冲击模态试验确定主轴前端和加速度计位置之间的频率响应函数。然后,对与转速和预负荷相关的主轴结构动力学及其响应耦合进行了分析。最后,利用卡尔曼滤波器补偿从刀具到加速度计位置的信号传输失真,并且使用加权平均数据融合方法获得改进的刀尖位移和力估计。在低速和高速的五轴CNC 7075航空铝合金铣削中验证了所提方法的有效性。研究结果表明,该方法有效提高了切削状态监测的精度和鲁棒性,切削力和位移估算值的误差低于9%。

Aiming at the problem of monitoring the cutting state in the milling process of high-grade NC machine tools,the fusion of extra speedometer mounted on the spindle box is studied,and a method for estimating the cutting force and vibration of the milling cutter was proposed.Firstly,the frequency response function between the spindle front end and the accelerometer position was determined by impact modal test.Then,the dynamics of the spindle structure and its response coupling related to rotational speed and preload are analyzed.Finally,the signal transmission distortion from the tool to the accelerometer was compensated with a Kalman filter,and the improved tip displacement and force estimates were obtained using the weighted average data fusion method.The effectiveness of the proposed method was verified in the low speed and high speed five-axis CNC 7075 aviation aluminum alloy milling.The results show that this method can effectively improve the accuracy and robustness of cutting state monitoring,and the error of the estimation of cutting force and displacement is less than 9%.