某高校办公楼火灾模拟与应急疏散仿真研究

Fire simulation and emergency evacuation simulation of an office building in university

高校办公楼是人员密集办公的场所,存在较大的火灾安全隐患,因此对高校办公楼进行火灾模拟与应急疏散仿真研究十分必要。以某高校办公楼为研究对象,运用Pyrosim软件进行火灾数值模拟仿真研究,分析办公楼在自动灭火系统失效、防火门失效等情况下发生火灾时,办公楼各个楼梯出口处烟气能见度、环境温度的变化规律,同时结合Pathfinder软件进行人员疏散模拟,分析疏散总人数、环境温度、环境能见度对疏散效率的影响等。结果表明:本次应急疏散仿真用时130 s,101 s时高校办公楼逃生出口处的能见度低于5 m人员未能全部安全疏散,办公楼的疏散效率受人员密度、人员相关位置、疏散拥堵程度的影响。

Office buildings in college aredensely staffed offices,and there are great fire safety hazards.Therefore,it is necessary to carry out fire simulation and emergency evacuation simulation research on college office building.Taking an office building of a college as the research object,this paper used Pyrosim software to conduct a fire numerical simulation study,and analyzed the change rules of smoke visibility and ambient temperature at each exit of the staircase of the office building when the automatic fire extinguishing system fails or the fire door fails,ect.Combined Pathfinder evacuation simulation software,the influences of the total number of evacuees,environmental temperature and environmental visibility on evacuation efficiency were analyzed.The results show that the emergency evacuation simulation of 130s,101s,the college building visibility less than 5m,not all the people succeed to escape the exit.The safe evacuation efficiency is related to the density of people,the relative position of people,and the degree of evacuation congestion.