水稻稻瘟病抗病基因挖掘及育种研究进展

Research progress on rice blast resistance gene exploiting and breeding

水稻稻瘟病的发生会对水稻产量造成巨大损失,严重限制水稻的生产。利用宿主自身抗病基因,培育稳定、有效、广谱、持久的抗病品种是控制稻瘟病最安全有效和经济的方法。随着分子生物学技术的飞速发展,更多的稻瘟病抗病基因和QTLs被挖掘用于创建稳定、广谱、持久的抗病材料。文章综述了已克隆抗病基因和QTLs的结构、功能和抗病机制以及这些抗病基因结合的分子标记选择辅助育种技术、聚合抗病基因和基因编辑技术在抗病育种中的应用实例,并对抗稻瘟病育种的前景进行了展望。

Rice blast caused great loss to rice yield and severely restricted rice production.It was the safest,most effective and economical method to breed stable,effective,broad-spectrum and long-lasting varieties of rice blast resistance by using the host′s own disease-resistant genes.With the rapid development of molecular biotechnology,more rice blast resistance genes and QTLs were exploited to create stable,broad-spectrum and long-lasting disease-resistant materials.In this paper,the structure,function and disease-resistance mechanism of cloned disease-resistant genes and QTLs were reviewed,and the application of these disease-resistant genes combined with molecular marker selective breeding,polymerized disease-resistant genes and gene editing techniques in disease-resistant breeding was summarized,and the prospect of rice blast resistance breeding was also discussed.