KNDy神经元在女性生殖内分泌中的研究与应用

Research and Application of KNDy Neuron in Female Reproductive Endocrine

Kisspeptin/神经激肽B/强啡肽(kisspeptin/neurokinin B/dynorphin,KNDy)神经元是Kisspeptin神经元的一个亚组,是性激素负反馈的靶细胞,它产生神经激肽B(Neurokinin B,NKB)和强啡肽(Dynorphin A,Dyn),NKB起刺激作用,Dyn起抑制作用,两者协同通过自分泌和旁分泌调节kisspeptin对促性腺激素释放激素(GnRH)脉冲频率的控制,进而维持和控制垂体卵泡刺激素(FSH)及黄体生成激素(LH)的分泌释放,参与了青春期的启动及性腺激素的调节、女性性征的发育及生育功能维持,并与多种内分泌异常疾病的病理过程密切相关,如下丘脑闭经、中枢性早熟和多囊卵巢综合征等。KNDy神经元的发现逐渐揭开了下丘脑GnRH的上游调控机制,使学者们对生殖内分泌轴有关的疾病发病机制和疾病诊断有了新的认识,而这些新认识促进了对生殖内分泌生理病理及其相关疾病发病机制的理解和思考。对KNDy神经元在女性生殖内分泌领域的研究与应用作一综述,以期为临床及科研人员提供参考。

Kisspeptin/neurokinin B/Dynorphin(KNDy)neurons are a subgroup of Kisspeptin neuron.They are the target cell of sex hormone negative feedback.It produces Neurokinin B(NKB)and Dynorphin A(Dyn).NKB stimulates while Dyn inhibits.These two work together to regulate the control of kisspeptin on GnRH pulse frequency through autocrine and paracrine,maintaining and controlling the secretion of pituitary FSH and LH.It is involved in the initiation of puberty,the regulation of gonadal hormones,the development of female sexual characteristics and the maintenance of reproductive functions,what is more it is closely related to the pathological process of a variety of endocrine disorders,such as thalamic amenorrhea,central precocious puberty and polycystic ovary syndrome,etc.The discovery of KNDy neuron gradually reveals the upstream regulatory mechanism of GnRH,which makes people have a new understanding of reproductive hypothalamic pituitary ovary(HPO)axis.These new understandings have promoted our understanding and thinking of the physiological and pathological mechanisms of reproductive endocrine and related diseases.In this paper,we would review the research and application of KNDy neuron in the field of female reproductive endocrine and provide reference for clinical and scientific researchers.