奶牛热应激及其营养调控研究进展

Research Progress on Heat Stress and Its Nutritional Regulation in Dairy Cows

随着全球性气候变暖,奶牛生产规模化程度不断提高、高产奶牛不断选育,热应激已成为全球乳制品行业面临的重要挑战。热应激程度与外界环境因素和奶牛自身因素有关。夏季热应激会导致奶牛产奶量降低、乳成分改变和繁殖性能下降,还会给奶牛健康、免疫和福利带来负面影响。营养调控措施在缓解奶牛热应激方面起到重要作用。本文概述了奶牛热应激的产生及其对生产、繁殖、健康与福利的影响,总结了通过营养调控策略缓解奶牛热应激的研究进展,展望了奶牛热应激的未来研究方向。

With global warming,the development of intensive dairy cow production,as well as the breeding and selection of high-yield dairy cows,heat stress has become an important challenge facing the global dairy industry.The main producing areas of dairy industry in China are under the threat of heat stress in summer.The degree of heat stress is related to the external environmental factors and the factors of cows themselves.Heat stress in summer can lead to decreased milk yield,changes in milk composition and reduced reproductive performance,as well as negative effects on health and welfare.Nutrition regulation measures play an important role in alleviating heat stress of cows.This paper summarizes the research progress in production of heat stress,the effect of heat stress on dairy production,reproduction,health and welfare of dairy cows,and the nutritional regulation of alleviating heat stress in dairy cow.The future research directions of heat stress in dairy cows are also prospected.