法国启蒙运动的语言学基础——关于17-18世纪古典法语的文化史研究

The linguistic foundation of the French Enlightenment:A cultural history of classical French in the 17th&18th centuries

17世纪末古典法语的规则基本确立,一方面打破了拉丁语对法国文化的垄断地位,另一方面为启蒙思想的传播提供了稳定的语言基础。除此之外,法语还是一种重要的分析方法,因其能将启蒙运动的研究范畴扩及语言学领域,以一种有别于传统研究的方式分析启蒙运动的主要问题,包括法语与启蒙公共空间、教育改革的关系,以及法语对于法国文化统一性和民族认同的意义。所以,法语的完善不只是一个语言学问题,也是一个以语言为基础的政治和文化问题。

The classical French had approximated perfection in the late 17th century.On the one hand,it broke the monopoly of Latin in French culture.On the other hand,it provided a stable language foundation for French Enlightenment.In addition,French was also an important analytical method,which expanded the research scope of French Enlightenment to the field of linguistics and analyzed the main issues in a different way from traditional research,including the formation of public sphere,educational reform and national identity.Therefore,the perfection of classical French is not only a linguistic issue,but also a political-cultural issue.