论“德福一致”的必然逻辑与实践向度

On the Necessary Logic and Practical Dimension of“Consistency Between Virtue and Happiness”

如何达到“德福一致”的伦理目标是伦理领域思考的重要问题。然而,无论是“以福为德”还是“以德为福”的伦理主张,均未达到“德福一致”的伦理目标。这些主张只是将幸福视为德性,或者将德性视为幸福而已。若要达到“德福一致”,不仅需要伦理行为者拥有德性,而且还需要伦理规范作为支撑,否则“德福一致”的目标无法实现。如果说,德性与伦理规范是“德福一致”伦理实现路径的重要组成部分,那么当代西方美德伦理学研究者为追寻该问题展现了一种理论前提。

How to achieve the ethical goal of“consistency between virtues and happiness”is an important issue in the field of ethics.However,neither the ethical proposition of“regarding happiness as virtue”nor the ethical proposition of“regarding virtue as happiness”has reached the ethical goal of“consistency between virtues and happiness”.These claims simply regard happiness as a virtue,or virtue as happiness.In order to achieve the“consistency between virtue and happiness”,the moral actor not only needs to have the virtue,but also the support of ethical norms,otherwise the goal of“consistency between virtue and happiness”cannot be achieved.If virtue and ethical norms are an important part of the ethical realization path of“consistency between virtues and happiness”,then contemporary western virtue ethics researchers present a theoretical premise for pursuing this issue.