中国古代盐政史演变路径及其实质

The Evolution path and Essence of the History of Salt Politics in Ancient China

中国古代盐政史经历了从完全官营制到半官营制,再从半官营到盐商专卖制的演变路径,这个过程不可谓不漫长,其滥觞于春秋齐国管仲“官海”政策,结束于道光十二年(1832)两江总督陶澍改纲盐制为票盐制,前后经历了2500余年。这一演变路径实质上既是新盐制不断克服旧盐制弊端的过程,也是盐政机构从产运销环节不断退出的过程。

The history of salt politics in ancient China experienced an evolution path from complete government-run system to semi-official system,and then from semi-official system to salt merchant monopoly system.This process can be described as a long process,which originated from the Guanzhong"Official Sea"policy of the State of Qi in the Spring and Autumn period.It ended in the 12 th year of Daoguang reign(1832).Tao Shu,a governor of the Jiangsu and Jiangnan,changed the salt system to the ticket salt system for more than 2500 years.In essence,this evolution path is not only a process in which the new salt system continues to overcome the disadvantages of the old salt system,but also a process in which salt administration institutions continue to withdraw from the links of production,transportation and marketing.