集体经营性建设用地入市的阻碍与破解

Obstacles and Solutions of Marketization of Commercial Collective Construction Land

2020年1月起,新修改的《土地管理法》正式实施,允许集体经营性建设用地不经过地方政府征收而直接入市,但现实中允许入市和入市改革实践之间还存在较大差距。从改革的主客体角度研究发现:(1)土地的规模、质量、用途及其区位决定了土地入市潜力, (2)农户自身对于法律权益实现、入市风险以及利益满足的考量会影响农户入市意愿, (3)地方政府考虑到征地与入市的平衡、产业用地的效益、收益分配的公平合理,可能会产生消极行动。土地入市潜力、农户入市意愿以及地方政府行为均会对集体经营性建设用地入市的推进造成限制。建议从创新入市模式、完善入市规则、转变政府角色三方面,推动入市改革进程。

From January 2020,the newly revised Land Management Law was officially implemented,allowing commercial collective construction land to enter the market directly without the land acquisition by the local government,however,in reality,there is still a big gap between the permission to enter the market and the reform practice of entering the market.From the perspective of the subject and object of the reform,the study finds that:(1)the scale,quality,use and location of the land determine the potential of land entering the market;(2)the consideration of the realization of legal rights,the risk of entering the market,and the satisfaction of benefits will affect the willingness of farmers to enter the market;(3)local governments may take negative actions in consideration of the balance between land acquisition and market entry,the benefits of industrial land use,and the fairness and reasonableness of income distribution.The potential of land entering the market,the willingness of farmers to enter the market,and the actions of local governments will restrict the advancement of commercial collective construction land entering the market.Therefore,it is recommended to promote the process of market entry reform from three aspects:innovating the market entry model,improving entry rules,and changing the role of the government.