4Vygotsky, L. S.. Mind in Society: The Development of Higher Psychological Processes[ M ]. MA: Harvard University Press, 1978.
5Bruner, L. Child's Talk: Learning to Use Language[ M ]. New York: Norton, 1983.
6Pressly. Collective Scaffolding in Second Language Learning [A . In Vygotsky (eds.).Approach to Second Language Research [C] . Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996.
7Wood, D., Bruner, J. S., &Ross, G. The Role of Tutoring in Prob- lem Solving [J]. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 1976. Ellis, 2003.181.
8Fisher, E.. Distinctive Features of Pupil Pupil Classroom Talk and Their Relationship to Learning: How Discursive Exploration Might be Encouraged. In Language, Literacy and Learning in Ed- ucational Practice [C ].(Ed.) Stierer, B. London: The Open Uni- versity Press, 1994.