玉溪市柑橘病虫害的种类调查及发生特点

Species Investigation and Occurrence Characteristics of Citrus Diseases and Insect Pests in Yuxi City

柑橘病虫害的蔓延危害是柑橘生产的重要制约因素。近些年,随着云南省玉溪市柑橘种植面积的不断增加,柑橘病虫害发生种类增多,危害加重,致使玉溪市柑橘存在果实品质差、产量低等问题。2014—2020年采取定点调查和普查相结合的方法,对玉溪市柑橘主要病虫害进行详细调查反复核实,共发现病虫害127种,包括病害30种、蛛形纲、昆虫纲、腹足纲3纲10目44科有害生物97种,其中危害较重的病害有溃疡病Xanthomonas axonopodis pv.citri、黄龙病Candidatus Liberibacter spp.、疫菌褐腐病Phytophthora itrophthora、炭疽病Colletotrichum gloeosporioides等4种,占病害种数13.3%;危害较为严重的虫害有柑橘全爪螨Panonychus ciri(McGregor)、柑橘潜叶蛾Phyllocnistis citrella stainton、柑橘小实蝇Dacus dorsalis(Hcndal)、橘蚜Toxoptera citricidus(Kirkaldy)、斜纹夜蛾Prodenia litura(Fabricius)、蓟马Scirtothrips citri(Moulton)等6种,占虫害种数的6.2%;虫害重于病害,优势种群集中。

The spread of citrus diseases and insect pests is an important restricting factor in citrus production.In recent years,with the continuous increase of citrus planting area in Yuxi City,the species of citrus diseases and insect pests increased,and the damage was aggravated,resulting in poor fruit quality and low yield of Yuxi citrus.From 2014 to 2020,a combination method of fixed-point and general survey was adopted to conduct detailed investigation and verification of the main citrus diseases and insect pests in Yuxi City.A total of 127 species of diseases and insect pests were found,including 30 species of diseases,and 97 species of pests in 44 families,10 orders,3 classes of arachnid,insect and gastropod.Among them,the most serious diseases were Xanthomonas axonopodis pv.citri,Candidatus Liberibacter spp.,Phytophthora itrophthora and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides,while the most serious pests were Panonychus ciri(McGregor),Phyllocnistis citrella stainton,Dacus dorsalis(Hcndal),Toxoptera citricidus(Kirkaldy),Prodenia litura(Fabricius),Scirtothrips citri(Moulton),which accounted for 13.3%of the disease species and 6.2%of the pest species.The effects of the pests were more serious than those of the diseases,and the dominant pest population was concentrated.