葡萄‘红地球’与‘双优’杂交后代果实糖酸的遗传规律

Genetic Law of Sugar and Acid in the Fruits of Hybrids between’Red Globe’and’Shuangyou’

为探索葡萄杂交后代果实糖酸含量的遗传规律,本研究以欧亚种‘红地球’和山葡萄‘双优’为亲本配置正反交组合,应用HPLC技术检测和分析葡萄亲本及其杂交后代果实中可溶性糖和有机酸组分。结果表明,葡萄果实中可溶性糖主要为葡萄糖和果糖,有机酸主要为酒石酸和苹果酸,糖酸组分及总糖和总酸含量在正反交后代中广泛分离,其中糖组分和总糖含量变异系数大于13%,有机酸组分及总酸含量变异系数大于31%,表明有机酸的选择潜力优于可溶性糖。杂交后代糖酸的广义遗传力(H2)存在较大差异:葡萄糖、果糖、总糖、酒石酸、总酸的H2较高,为0.73~0.93,表明这些性状的变异主要来自遗传效应,遗传潜能大。苹果酸的H2较低,正交组合为0.59,表明苹果酸的遗传效应小,易受环境影响。杂交后代糖含量在40.07~282.29 mg/g FW范围内呈正态分布,有机酸含量在0.23~13.88 mg/g FW范围内呈正态分布。正反交组合差异较大:正交组合后代糖含量高于亲中值,表现为超亲遗传,酸含量接近于亲中值,呈趋中变异;反交组合后代糖含量低于亲中值,呈衰退变异,酸含量高于亲中值,呈增强变异。正反交组合后代有机酸含量均倾向于母本,存在一定程度的母性遗传倾向。本研究结果为葡萄育种选配亲本提供依据。

In order to explore the genetic law of sugar and acid contents in grape hybrid offspring,the combination of Vitis vinifera L.’Red Globe’and Vitis amurensis Rupr.’Shuangyou’were deployed as a reciprocal cross combination.The composition and contents of soluble sugar and organic acid in grape parents and its hybrid progenies were quantitatively analyzed by HPLC.The results showed that the soluble sugar in grape fruits were mainly glucose and fructose,the organic acids were mainly tartaric acid and malic acid,the sugar and acid component and contents of total sugar and total acid were separated widely in the reciprocal cross combination progeny.The coefficient of variation of sugar component and contents were more than 13%,the coefficient of variation of organic acid component and total acid contents were more than 31%,the selection potential of organic acids were better than soluble sugar.The broad-spectrum heritability(H2)of the hybrid progeny had a large difference:the H2 of glucose,fructose,total sugar,tartaric acid and total acid were higher,from 0.73 to 0.93,indicating that the variation of these traits mainly come from genetic effects and the genetic potential was large.Malic acid had the lowest H2 and the H2 of orthogonal combination was 0.59,indicating that the genetic effect of malic acid was small and susceptible to environmental influences.The sugar contents were normally distributed in the range of 40.07 to 282.29 mg/g FW and the acid were normally distributed in the range of 0.23 to 13.88 mg/g FW except for oxalic acid.The reciprocal cross combination progeny were quite different:the orthogonal combination progenies’sugar contents were higher than those of parents respectively basing on average values inheritance,the acid contents were close to the average values;There is a certain degree of maternal inheritance in the genetics and the organic acid contents in the progenies of the reciprocal cross combination tend to female.The results of this study provide a basis for scientific selection of parents during grape breeding.