卧龙国家级自然保护区马先蒿属植物多样性及保护研究

Diversity and Conservation of Pedicularis Plants in Wolong National Nature Reserve

通过野外调查、标本整理以及查阅文献等方法,对四川卧龙国家级自然保护区马先蒿属植物种类、分布、现状及保护利用进行了研究。结果表明:辖区共有42种马先蒿属植物(含变种及亚种),分属10群27系,其中30种为中国特有,特有性高达71.43%;马先蒿属植物在辖区主要分布在海拔2500 m以上区域(39种、92.86%),其中海拔3500 m以上的高山灌丛及草甸区域尤为集中(27种、64.29%);邓氏马先蒿(Pedicularis dunniana)、台氏管花马先蒿(P.siphonantha var.delavayi)、甘肃马先蒿(P.kansuensis)、康定马先蒿(P.kangtingensis)、法氏马先蒿(P.fargesii)、红毛马先蒿(P.rhodotricha)、欧氏马先蒿(P.oederi)、扭旋马先蒿(P.torta)、伯氏马先蒿(P.petitmenginii)、粗野马先蒿(P.rudis)、迈氏马先蒿(P.merrilliana)等11种(含变种)为保护区新记录种;辖区马先蒿属植物多呈集中连片分布,但也有少数种类呈狭域分布;调查中还发现2种疑似新种马先蒿属植物,已采集标本和分子材料,便于后续深入研究;同时对保护区马先蒿属植物的保护、利用提出了建议。

Based on field investigation,specimen arrangement and literature review,the species,distribution,present situation and conservation and utilization of Pedicularis plants in Wolong Nature Reserve were studied.The results showed that there were 42 Pedicularis species in the reserve(including varieties and subspecies),belonging to 10 groups and 27 series,of which 30 species were endemic to China,with the endemic rate as high as 71.43%.In the reserve,Pedicularis plants were mainly distributed in areas above 2500 m altitude(up to 39 species,accounting for 92.86%),especially in alpine shrubs and meadows above 3500 m altitude(up to 27 species,accounting for 64.29%).There were eleven newly recorded species(including varieties),including Pedicularis dunniana,P.siphonantha var.delavayi,P.kansuensis,P.fargesii,P.rhodotricha,P.oederi,P.torta,P.petitmenginii,P.rudis,P.merrillian.In this region,Pedicularis plants were concentrated and contiguous,but a few species were distributed in narrow areas.Two suspected new species were founded in the investigation,and samples and molecular materials were also collected for further study.At the same time,some suggestions were put forward for the protection and utilization of Pedicularis plants in the nature reserve.