香椿优树半同胞家系在秦巴山区生长变异与早期选择

Growth Variation and Early Selection of Superior Tree Half-sib Families of Toona sinensis in Qinba Mountain Areas

为了选育出适宜秦巴山区的香椿优良家系,为秦巴山区速生珍贵用材树种造林提供良种。对来自4个省10个地区的香椿优树半同胞家系,采用随机区组设计,在秦巴山区的旺苍县进行了造林对比。通过对不同家系3年生胸径、树高和单株材积进行分析比较,开展了优良家系早期选择。造林3年的结果表明,34个香椿半同胞家系3年生平均胸径、树高、单株材积分别为4.81 cm、4.30 m和0.0050 m^(3),变异系数分别为22.43%、21.36%和55.78%,不同家系间均有极显著差异。初步选择出蓬溪22号、蓬溪25号和洪雅9号3个早期优良家系,入选率8.82%,胸径、树高、单株材积平均值分别为6.10 cm、5.23 m和0.0087 m^(3),选择差分别为1.29 cm、0.93 m和0.0037 m^(3),遗传增益分别为22.19%、18.30%、58.28%。选择出的3个优良家系,年均胸径生长量2.03 cm,年均树高生长量1.74 m,入选率低,选择差大,生长优势显著,遗传增益大,经过进一步的观测,极有可能成为秦巴山区的良种。

In order to select excellent families of Toona sinensis suitable for Qinba mountain areas and provide good varieties for afforestation of fast-growing precious timber species in this area.The random block design was used to compare the afforestation of Toona sinensis families from 4 provinces and 10 regions in Wangcang county of Qinba mountain areas.Through the analysis and comparison of 3-year-old DBH,tree height and individual volume from different families,the early selection of excellent families was carried out.The results of afforestation for 3 years showed that the average DBH,tree height and individual timber score of 34 half-sib families were 4.81 cm,4.30 m and 0.005 m^(3) respectively,and the coefficient of variation was 22.43%,21.36%and 55.78%respectively,with significant differences among different families.Three early excellent families,Pengxi 22,Pengxi 25 and Hongya 9,were preliminarily selected,and the selection rate was 8.82%.The mean values of DBH,tree height and individual volume were 6.10 cm,5.23 m and 0.0087 m^(3),respectively.The selection differences were 1.29 cm,0.93 m and 0.0037 m^(3),respectively.The genetic gains were 22.19%,18.30%and 58.28%,respectively.The average annual growth of DBH and height of the three excellent families were 2.03 cm and 1.74 m respectively.They had low selection rate,great selection differences,obvious growth advantage and great genetic gain.Through further observation,they are very likely to become good varieties in Qinba mountain areas.