电解水用非贵金属双功能催化剂研究进展

Recent Advances in Non-noble Metal Based Bifunctional Catalysts for Overall Electrochemical Water Splitting

开发低成本的高效电催化剂取代贵金属基催化剂是实现电化学水解制氢技术规模化应用的有效途径之一。迄今为止,一系列针对阳极和阴极的非贵金属基双功能电催化剂都得到了发展。文章首先介绍了电解水制氢反应的机理和特点、评价电催化剂性能的基本参数和方法;然后讨论了非贵金属双功能电催化剂的最新研究进展,重点讨论了非贵金属硫化物、磷化物以及碳化物等双功能电催化剂;最后讨论了非贵金属双功能电催化剂面临的挑战并进行了展望。

Production of hydrogen by electrochemical water splitting is considered as one of the most promising ways for sustainable energy storage and hydrogen society realization in the future.However,the key for the large-scale application of this technique is to develop highly efficient electrocatalysts with low-cost to replace the noble-metal-based ones.At present,a series of transition-metal-based bifunctional electrocatalysts for both anode and cathode have been already developed for the overall water splitting.Herein,the characteristics of hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions on the electrodes of water electrolysis cell and the basic methods for the evaluation of the performance of electrocatalysts are introduced at first and then,the prospects of various non-noble-metal based bifunctional electrocatalysts are critically reviewed,focusing on transition metal sulfides,phosphides and carbides.Finally,the challenges in the development of non-noble-metal based bifunctional electrocatalysts are discussed.It is expected to provide a guidance for the design and fabrication of the novel bifunctional electrocatalysts with high performance in a practical water splitting process.