四川泸州地区艾滋病合并肺部机会性感染的特征分析

Characteristics of AIDS Patients Complicated with Pulmonary Opportunistic Infections in Luzhou,Sichuan Area

目的分析四川泸州地区艾滋病合并肺部机会性感染的特征,以期提高对本地区该类疾病的诊治水平。方法对2019年01月至2019年12月于西南医科大学附属医院感染病科住院治疗的78例艾滋病合并肺部机会性感染患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果四川泸州地区艾滋病合并肺部机会性感染患者以41岁至65岁男性为主,HIV-1感染途径以性途径为主。该地区艾滋病合并肺部机会性感染的疾病谱为细菌性肺炎、肺结核、肺孢子菌肺炎和真菌性肺炎,其中,细菌性肺炎是发生率最高的肺部机会性感染(50/104,48.08%)。患者的首发临床表现依次为咳嗽、咳痰、发热、呼吸困难、乏力和气促。艾滋病患者合并肺部机会性感染的种类越多,其CD4^(+) T淋巴细胞、CD8^(+) T淋巴细胞和B淋巴细胞计数水平越低,而HIV-1病毒载量越高。结论四川泸州地区艾滋病合并肺部机会性感染的临床表现复杂多样,合并肺部机会性感染的种类越多,其机体免疫功能缺陷越明显。

Objective To analyze the characteristics of AIDS patients complicated with pulmonary opportunistic infections in Luzhou,Sichuan area,in order to improve the diagnosis and treatment of this kinds of diseases.Methods The clinical data of 78 AIDS patients with pulmonary opportunistic infections were retrospectively analyzed in the Department of Infectious Diseases in Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University from January 2019 to December 2019.Results The main AIDS patients with pulmonary opportunistic infections are men,aged from 41 to 65 years old.The main transmission of HIV-1 was sexual route.The disease spectrum of AIDS patients with pulmonary opportunistic infection is bacterial pneumonia,tuberculosis,pneumocystis pneumonia and pulmonary fungal infection.Bacterial pneumonia is the most common pulmonary opportunistic infection(50/104,48.08%).The first clinical manifestations were cough,expectoration,fever,dyspnea,asthenia and shortness of breath.The more types of pulmonary opportunistic infections that AIDS patients have,the CD4^(+) T lymphocytes,CD8^(+) T lymphocytes,B lymphocytes and NK cells counts are lower,and theHIV-1 viral loads are higher.Conclusion The clinical manifestations of pulmonary opportunistic infections are complex and diverse in Luzhou,Sichuan area.The more types of pulmonary opportunistic infections,the more obvious the immune deficiency.