对“崇高”的祛魅与审美意识的多元化——清末民初梁启超、王国维审美观的再度调整

The Disenchantment of Sublime and Pluralism of Aesthetic Consciousness—A Second Transformation of LIANG Qi-chao and WANG Guo-wei s Aesthetic Consciousnessin the Late Qing Dynasty and the Early Republic of China

20世纪初,梁启超和王国维对于中国传统美学中推崇“优美”而相对忽视“崇高”的倾向进行了纠正,标举“崇高”的审美理想,将其置于“优美”之上。导致二人这一审美意识选择的具体原因虽有差异,但二元对立的思维方式及其所造成的认识局限则是共同的。随后两人都对自己的认识偏颇进行了反省和校正,实现了审美意识的再度转变。王国维在《人间词话》中就审美观而言开始自觉摆脱对西方理论的盲从,认识到“崇高”与“优美”的辩证关系,对二者平等视之。梁启超在新文化运动中以反思现代性为立足点,在对传统文学进行重新阐释中,揭示了中国传统美学中所葆有的多元的审美追求,这对于当时的主流话语具有纠偏作用。梁启超和王国维的审美意识的再度转变至今仍具有启示意义。

In the early twentieth century,LIANG Qi-chao and WANG Guo-wei corrected the tendency of emphasizing“grace”whereas relatively ignoring“sublime”in Chinese traditional aesthetics.They marked“sublime”as an aesthetic ideal and put it above“grace”.Although the specific reasons for their aesthetic ideology choice are different,they both realized the irrationality of dualistic way of thinking and the cognitive limitations caused by it.Later,both of them reflected on their biased conceptions,made adjustments and finally once again implemented transformation in their aesthetic consciousness.In Earthly Notes and Comments on Poetry,WANG Guo-wei consciously started to change his blind worship towards Western aesthetic theories.Aware of the dialectic relationship between“sublime”and“grace”,he began to attach equal importance to both conceptions.During the New Culture Movement,started with his introspection towards modernity,LIANG Qi-chao reveled the diverse aesthetic pursuits remained in Chinese traditional aesthetics through his reinterpretation of traditional literature,which had a correcting effect on the mainstream discourse of that time.Even till today,the second-time transformation of LIANG Qi-chao and WANG Guo-wei s aesthetic consciousness still has enlightening significance.