中学生对新冠肺炎疫情防控的知信行及其心理健康状况研究

Knowledge,attitude and practice about the prevention and control of COVID-19 in middle school students and their mental health

目的:了解中学生对新冠肺炎疫情防控的知信行及其心理健康状况,为开展针对性的防控措施提供参考。方法:2020年2月18日—3月11日期间,利用自制新冠肺炎疫情防控的知信行问卷及抑郁—焦虑—压力(DASS-21)量表,通过问卷星网络平台调查中学生对疫情防控的知信行及其心理健康状况。采用多变量逐步Logistic回归模型进行统计分析。结果:在1465名中学生中,高疫情认知、高健康信念及高健康行为检出率分别为23.41%、91.26%及85.94%。不良情绪检出率为30.99%,其中心理压力、焦虑、抑郁的比例分别为14.74%、18.02%及18.91%。疫情期间,相对于女生,有低健康信念的男生较多(OR=1.64,95%CI:1.13~2.37),而有不良情绪的男生较少(OR=0.69,95%CI:0.55~0.87);有不良情绪的高中生多于初中生(OR=1.36,95%CI:1.08~1.72);相对于公办学校学生,对新冠病毒低认知及低健康行为(OR=0.54,95%CI:0.39~0.75;OR=0.43,95%CI:0.30~0.64)的民办学校学生较少;中学生的低健康信念与低健康行为互为危险因素(OR=2.00,95%CI:1.18~3.39;OR=1.95,95%CI:1.14~3.32),低健康行为与不良情绪互为危险因素(OR=1.59,95%CI:1.08~2.32;OR=1.69,95%CI:1.15~2.46)。结论:新冠肺炎疫情期间,男生和女生、公立学校和私立学校中学生对新冠肺炎疫情的知识、信念及行为存在差异,男生和女生、初中和高中学生的心理不良情绪亦有差别。政府或教育部门应及时了解不同性别、学校性质和学段学生的需求及心理变化,及时调整措施,保障学生身心健康。

Objective: To investigate the knowledge, attitude, and practice(KAP) of middle school students on the prevention and control of the COVID-19 and their mental health, so as to provide reference for the development of targeted prevention and control measures. Methods: From February 18 th to March 11 th, 2020, self-designed COVID-19 KAP questionnaire and depression anxiety stress scale(DASS-21) were used to investigate the KAP of middle school students and their mental health status on the Questionnaire Star network platform. Multivariate stepwise logistic regression model was used for statistical analysis. Results: Among the 1 465 middle school students, the detection rates of high epidemic awareness, high health beliefs, and high health behaviors were23.41%, 91.26%, and 85.94%, respectively. The detection rate of negative emotion was 30.99%, among which the proportions of psychological stress, anxiety, and depression were 14.74%, 18.02%, and 18.91%, respectively.During the epidemic period, compared with girls, there were more boys with low health beliefs(OR=1.64, 95%CI:1.13-2.37), and fewer boys with negative emotions(OR=0.69, 95%CI: 0.55-0.87);there were more high school students with negative emotions than junior high school students(OR=1.36, 95%CI: 1.08-1.72);compared with students in public schools, there were less students with low awareness of the COVID-19 and low health behaviors(OR=0.54, 95%CI: 0.39-0.75;OR=0.43, 95%CI: 0.30-0.64) in private schools;middle school students’ low health beliefs and low health behaviors were risk factors for each other(OR=2.00, 95%CI: 1.18-3.39;OR=1.95, 95%CI:1.14-3.32), low-health behavior and negative emotion were risk factors for each other(OR=1.59, 95%CI: 1.08-2.32;OR=1.69, 95%CI: 1.15-2.46). Conclusion: During the epidemic, boys and girls, public school and private school middle school students have different knowledge, attitude and practice about the COVID-19, and there are also differences in the psychological negative emotion of boys and girls, junior high school and high school students. The government or education department should keep abreast of the needs and psychological changes of students of different genders, school nature, and school levels, and adjust measures in time to protect students’ physical and mental health.