排烟方式对岛式地铁站火灾疏散时间的影响

Effect of mechanical smoke exhaust on fire smoke flow and safe evacuation time of island subway station hall

为了优化岛式地铁站站厅的火灾人员疏散方案,以哈尔滨市某岛式地铁站为例,使用FDS(Fire Dynamics Simulator)软件模拟站厅中机械排烟设施全开、半开、关闭三种状态下的烟气扩散状况。结果表明:三种状态下的最长疏散时间分别为60 s,80 s和188 s,有机械排烟的效果要好于仅有通风系统和无排烟系统两种工况;发现火灾烟气扩散速率由大到小,一般先竖直向上再沿着顶部墙壁逐渐向两侧蔓延。该研究结果可为岛式地铁站排烟措施及疏散逃生方案设计提供理论依据。

In order to optimize the fire evacuation plan of the island-style subway station hall.This study uses an island-style subway station in Harbin as a template,and uses FDS(Fire Dynamics Simulator)software to simulate the smoke diffusion conditions of the mechanical smoke exhaust facilities in the station hall in three states:fully open,half open,and closed.The results show that the longest evacuation time under the three conditions is 60 s,80 s and 188 s,respectively.The effect of mechanical exhaust is better than that of only ventilation system and no exhaust system.In addition,the change in the diffusion rate of fire smoke was found,and it would generally first vertically upward and then gradually spread to both sides along the top wall.The results of this study can provide a theoretical basis for the design of smoke exhaust measures and evacuation plans for island-style subway stations.