2006—2018年辽宁省新发尘肺病流行病学特征

Epidemiological characteristics of newly pneumoconiosis cases in Liaoning Province from 2006-2018

目的了解辽宁省累计报告的新发尘肺病发病情况,探讨其发病趋势和特征,为制定尘肺病防治政策、科学研究提供基础数据,探索辽宁省尘肺病防控的关键点。方法对2006—2018年辽宁省报告的尘肺病资料进行整理和分析。结果 2006—2018年,累计报告各类尘肺病新发病例14 204例,其中尘肺壹期4 694例,贰期5 258例,叁期4 252例。自2007年起尘肺病新发病例数总体呈上升趋势,2014年病例数最多,为2 883例,2015年出现回落。矽肺、煤工尘肺占总病例数的98.3%,分别为12 659例(89.1%)和1 305例(9.2%)。葫芦岛市、朝阳市和沈阳市累计报告尘肺病新发病例数分列前3位,分别为11 281例(79.4%)、634例(4.4%)和452例(3.1%)。采矿业以累计报告尘肺病新发病例数13 495例(95.0%)位列第一。各类尘肺病新发病例的平均发病工龄为15.7年,以矽肺发病工龄为最短;平均发病年龄为51.6岁,电焊工尘肺发病年龄最小。结论辽宁省尘肺病发病形势依然严峻,在病种、地区及行业等方面呈现出明显的聚集性,发病例数上升趋势明显。应根据尘肺病的发病特征,加强重点地区和重点行业尘肺病的防治工作。

Objective To describe the incidence of newly reported pneumoconiosis in Liaoning Province,explore the epidemiological trend and characteristics,provide basic data for formulating the policies for the control of pneumoconiosis and the research on pneumoconiosis,and explore the key points of prevention and control of pneumoconiosis in Liaoning Province.Methods The data of pneumoconiosis cases reported in Liaoning Province from 2006-2018 were collected and analyzed. Results From 2006-2018,a total of 14 204 new cases of pneumoconiosis were reported,including 4 694 cases of pneumoconiosis stage I,5 258 cases of stage Ⅱ,and 4 252 cases of stage Ⅲ. The number of new cases of pneumoconiosis increased since 2007,reaching the peak in 2014(2 883 cases),and began to fell down in 2015. Silicosis and coal worker’s pneumoconiosis accounted for 98.3%of the total cases,which was 12 659 cases(89.1%) and 1 305 cases(9.2%),respectively. The top three city with the highest number of newly reported pneumoconiosis cases were Huludao City,Chaoyang City and Shenyang City,which was 11 281 cases(79.4%),634 cases(4.4%) and 452 cases(3.1%),respectively. The mining industry ranked the first in case number of newly reported pneumoconiosis,which was 13 495 cases(95.0%). The average working age of onset in newly reported pneumoconiosis cases was15.7 years,and the working age of onset in silicosis cases was the shortest. The average age of onset was 51.6 years old,and the age of onset in welder’s pneumoconiosis was the youngest. Conclusion The incidence of pneumoconiosis in Liaoning Province is still high,with a marked concentrated trend in pneumoconiosis types,regions,and industries,and the case number shows an obvious upward trend. It is necessary to enhance the prevention and treatment of pneumoconiosis in key regions and industries according to the epidemiological characteristics of pneumoconiosis.