TEARU构式:人为事物/事件存在的认知及表达策略

TEARU Construction:Cognitive Strategies for Expressing the Existence of Things/Events Involved with Human Agency

本研究运用认知语言学的构式语法及意象图式理论考察了日语“TEARU构式”的认知机理、意义及句法的分类。研究发现:(1)“TEARU构式”形式上由NP1二/ハ+NP2ガ/ヲ+Vテアル三个模块构成,是表达人为事物/事件存在的认知策略,语法化规约是构式形成的动因;(2)构式的强压制性使“Vテアル”中的V动态意义减弱,而后续“アル”表达静态存在的意义增强,表达了动与静融合的存在意义;(3)根据句子中NP1、NP2的特点及构式表达的存在意义,我们可在句法上分为“人为事物(モノ)存在句”和“人为事件(コト)存在句”,前者是对人为事物存在的描述,后者是对人为事件存在的叙述。

In this study,cognitive linguistics theories of Construction Grammar and Image Schema are applied to examine the cognitive mechanism,meaning,and syntactic classification of the“TEARU construction”in Japanese.It is found that(1)“TEARU construction”consists of three modules,NP1二/ハ,NP2ガ/ヲandVテアル,all cognitive strategies for expressing the existence of things/events involved with human agency,formed and motivated by the grammatical convention.(2)The strong coercion of the construction weakens the dynamic meaning of the verb inVテアルand strengthens the followingアル,integrating dynamics and statics in the existential meaning.(3)Due to the features of NP1 and NP2 and the existential meaning of the construction,we propose that syntactically two types of sentence patterns,“THING-existential sentence(モノ)”and“EVENT-existential sentence(コト)”can be classified.The former is a description of the human agency involved existence of things,while the latter is a narrative about the human agency involved existence of the events.