重构写作主体:艾丽丝·默多克的叙事伦理

Reconstructing Writing Subject:Iris Murdoch’s Narrative Ethics

现代哲学对作者的主体认知、再现能力、道德感知和判断力的质疑,导致了作者的写作主体危机。英国哲学家和小说家艾丽丝·默多克对现代哲学中的自我概念进行批判,突出作家的主体性和文学想象的道德性,形成了独特的叙事伦理。文章结合默多克三部艺术家小说中的写作主体形象,从重构写作主体的缘由、误区和策略三个方面探讨默多克的叙事伦理,揭示了她对自我概念的哲学反思,对自我意象的理论批判,以及对写作主体自我嬗变的文学再现。文章指出,通过重塑自我,恢复自我、语言和世界的关联,重构具备他者意识的写作主体,默多克构建了以消除自我为核心的叙事伦理,突出了文学创作的道德性。

Modern philosophy questions the author’s subjective cognition,representation,moral senses and judgments,which leads to the crisis of the author’s writing subject.Iris Murdoch,a British novelist and philosopher,critiques the concept“self”within modern philosophies,emphasizes the author’s subjectivity and the morality of literary imagination,thus shaping unique narrative ethics.Combining images of writing subjects in Murdoch’s three novels of the artist,this paper explores Murdoch’s narrative ethics from three aspects:the origin,delusion and strategy of reconstructing writing subject,revealing her philosophical reflection on the concept“self”,her theoretical critique upon images of the self,and her literary imagination on self-transformation of writing subjects.The paper points out that Murdoch constructs narrative ethics with“unselfing”as its core and emphasizes the morality of literary creation through reshaping the self,restoring the connection among the self,language and the world,and reconstructing writing subject with the consciousness of the other.